# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - FI-Lavia #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1000752 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/FI-Lavia.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - FI-Lavia #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: FI-Lavia # Location: Finland # Northernmost_Latitude: 61.65 # Southernmost_Latitude: 61.65 # Easternmost_Longitude: 22.68 # Westernmost_Longitude: 22.68 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: FI-Lavia-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 1986 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: I Kukkonen (FI) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 5.269 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th -0.814 # 17th -0.323 # 18th 0.606 # 19th 1.501 # 20th -0.015 # Date of logging (Year): 1985.00 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 3.46 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 12.47 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 23.86 6.040 26.30 6.090 28.73 6.110 31.17 6.120 33.60 6.110 36.04 6.110 38.47 6.110 40.92 6.120 43.35 6.140 45.79 6.150 48.22 6.180 50.66 6.200 53.09 6.230 55.53 6.250 57.96 6.280 60.40 6.310 62.83 6.330 65.27 6.360 67.70 6.380 70.14 6.410 72.57 6.420 74.85 6.440 77.28 6.450 79.71 6.460 82.14 6.460 84.57 6.470 87.00 6.490 89.41 6.510 91.83 6.510 94.23 6.530 96.64 6.550 99.06 6.560 101.49 6.580 103.92 6.600 106.35 6.620 108.78 6.630 111.21 6.650 113.64 6.660 116.07 6.700 118.50 6.720 120.93 6.740 123.28 6.770 125.71 6.780 128.13 6.810 130.54 6.830 132.95 6.860 135.35 6.880 137.75 6.900 140.19 6.930 142.62 6.950 145.05 6.970 147.47 6.990 149.87 7.020 152.28 7.060 154.68 7.080 157.09 7.100 159.52 7.120 161.95 7.140 164.38 7.170 166.80 7.190 169.21 7.250 171.56 7.270 173.96 7.290 176.37 7.320 178.79 7.350 181.22 7.370 183.65 7.390 186.08 7.420 188.48 7.440 190.88 7.470 193.29 7.500 195.69 7.530 198.10 7.570 200.50 7.600 202.90 7.630 205.31 7.660 207.71 7.700 210.11 7.730 212.51 7.760 214.92 7.810 217.35 7.840 219.64 7.870 222.07 7.900 224.49 7.940 226.90 7.970 229.30 8.000 231.70 8.040 234.11 8.070 236.50 8.110 238.91 8.140 241.32 8.170 243.71 8.210 246.12 8.240 248.51 8.270 250.92 8.310 253.32 8.340 255.74 8.380 258.17 8.420 260.60 8.460 263.02 8.500 265.43 8.540 267.81 8.570 270.21 8.600 272.61 8.640 275.01 8.680 277.41 8.710 279.82 8.740 282.21 8.760 284.62 8.790 287.02 8.820 289.42 8.850 291.83 8.890 294.22 8.920 296.63 8.950 299.02 8.970 301.43 9.010 303.84 9.040 306.23 9.060 308.63 9.100 311.03 9.120 313.44 9.140 315.84 9.170 318.24 9.200 320.65 9.220 323.04 9.250 325.45 9.280 327.85 9.320 330.25 9.350 332.65 9.380 335.05 9.410 337.46 9.440 339.86 9.470 342.26 9.490 344.66 9.520 347.06 9.550 349.46 9.580 351.86 9.600 354.23 9.630 356.61 9.660 358.98 9.690 361.37 9.730 363.74 9.760 366.14 9.790 368.54 9.820 370.94 9.850 373.31 9.880 375.69 9.910 378.06 9.940 380.45 9.970 382.85 10.000 385.25 10.040 387.66 10.070 390.05 10.120 392.43 10.150 394.80 10.180 397.18 10.210 399.56 10.240 401.96 10.270