# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, # plus the Online Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:1000656 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/huang2000/huang-2013-US-M952M.txt # # Reconstruction_temperature_graph_URL: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/US-M952M.html # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Borehole #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2013-07-26 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: US-M952M # Location: Land>America>North America # Country: United States of America # Northernmost_Latitude: 48.30 # Southernmost_Latitude: 48.30 # Easternmost_Longitude: -101.50 # Westernmost_Longitude: -101.50 # Maximum Depth: 272.000 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: US-M952M-borehole # Data contact: William D. Gosnold (US) # Date of measurement (year): 1995.5 # Estimated prior steady state GST (°C): 5.01 # Estimated mean conductivity (W/m/K): 1.2 # Estimated mean thermal gradient (K/km): 34.8 # Notes: #------------------ # Reconstruction_Temperature: # Pre-1500 baseline GST (°C): 4.757 # # Date_Century Estimated_GST_Change(°C) Notes # 16th 0.346 # 17th 0.234 # 18th -0.068 # 19th -0.526 # 20th 1.289 # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (have no #) # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data) Depth_m Depth Below Surface , , , m, , , , ,N Temperature_Celsius Measurement Temperature , , , Celsius degree, , , , ,N notes notes , , , , , , , ,N #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - 9-blank-spaced text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: Depth_m Temperature_Celsius Notes 20.00 7.275 21.00 7.273 22.00 7.267 23.00 7.264 24.00 7.260 25.00 7.256 26.00 7.250 27.00 7.244 28.00 7.237 29.00 7.233 30.00 7.229 31.00 7.225 32.00 7.221 33.00 7.217 34.00 7.214 35.00 7.214 36.00 7.214 37.00 7.214 38.00 7.217 39.00 7.219 40.00 7.223 41.00 7.227 42.00 7.231 43.00 7.235 44.00 7.242 45.00 7.248 46.00 7.262 47.00 7.271 48.00 7.281 49.00 7.292 50.00 7.310 51.00 7.319 52.00 7.333 53.00 7.350 54.00 7.367 55.00 7.381 56.00 7.400 57.00 7.417 58.00 7.436 59.00 7.454 60.00 7.475 62.00 7.517 64.00 7.561 66.00 7.609 68.00 7.658 70.00 7.710 72.00 7.759 74.00 7.801 76.00 7.847 78.00 7.904 80.00 7.961 82.00 8.016 84.00 8.065 86.00 8.120 88.00 8.184 90.00 8.258 92.00 8.328 94.00 8.386 96.00 8.439 98.00 8.503 100.00 8.565 102.00 8.610 104.00 8.657 106.00 8.700 108.00 8.750 110.00 8.812 112.00 8.872 114.00 8.920 116.00 8.972 118.00 9.076 120.00 9.217 122.00 9.286 124.00 9.345 126.00 9.465 128.00 9.533 130.00 9.590 132.00 9.653 134.00 9.706 136.00 9.774 138.00 9.840 140.00 9.911 142.00 9.981 144.00 10.052 146.00 10.123 148.00 10.185 150.00 10.274 152.00 10.341 154.00 10.473 156.00 10.527 158.00 10.591 160.00 10.670 162.00 10.738 164.00 10.819 166.00 10.889 168.00 10.952 170.00 11.009 172.00 11.068 174.00 11.127 176.00 11.188 178.00 11.245 180.00 11.309 182.00 11.375 184.00 11.439 186.00 11.501 188.00 11.568 190.00 11.634 192.00 11.699 194.00 11.766 196.00 11.833 198.00 11.907 200.00 11.979 202.00 12.041 204.00 12.111 206.00 12.176 208.00 12.237 210.00 12.286 212.00 12.345 214.00 12.410 216.00 12.476 218.00 12.535 220.00 12.591 222.00 12.660 224.00 12.724 226.00 12.790 228.00 12.864 230.00 12.937 232.00 13.014 234.00 13.085 236.00 13.152 238.00 13.222 240.00 13.296 242.00 13.378 244.00 13.457 246.00 13.539 248.00 13.612 250.00 13.690 252.00 13.774 254.00 13.862 256.00 13.945 258.00 14.038 260.00 14.119 262.00 14.193 264.00 14.269 266.00 14.353 268.00 14.435 270.00 14.530 271.00 14.569 272.00 14.606