# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, # plus the Online Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:1000594 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/huang2000/huang-2013-JP-Odai.txt # # Reconstruction_temperature_graph_URL: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/JP-Odai.html # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Borehole #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2013-07-26 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: JP-Odai # Location: Land>Asia>Eastern Asia # Country: Japan # Northernmost_Latitude: 35.75 # Southernmost_Latitude: 35.75 # Easternmost_Longitude: 139.77 # Westernmost_Longitude: 139.77 # Maximum Depth: 302.000 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: JP-Odai-borehole # Data contact: Makoto Taniguchi (JP) # Date of measurement (year): 2001.85 # Estimated prior steady state GST (°C): 15.2388 # Estimated mean conductivity (W/m/K): 1.36 # Estimated mean thermal gradient (K/km): 22.8 # Notes: #------------------ # Reconstruction_Temperature: # Pre-1500 baseline GST (°C): 16.280 # # Date_Century Estimated_GST_Change(°C) Notes # 16th 0.296 # 17th 0.059 # 18th -0.500 # 19th -1.514 # 20th -0.311 # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (have no #) # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data) Depth_m Depth Below Surface , , , m, , , , ,N Temperature_Celsius Measurement Temperature , , , Celsius degree, , , , ,N notes notes , , , , , , , ,N #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - 9-blank-spaced text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: Depth_m Temperature_Celsius Notes 60.00 16.550 62.00 16.580 64.00 16.610 66.00 16.650 68.00 16.680 70.00 16.720 72.00 16.780 74.00 16.830 76.00 16.880 78.00 16.940 80.00 16.980 82.00 17.040 84.00 17.080 86.00 17.140 88.00 17.190 90.00 17.230 92.00 17.280 94.00 17.340 96.00 17.390 98.00 17.440 100.00 17.500 102.00 17.550 104.00 17.610 106.00 17.660 108.00 17.730 110.00 17.790 112.00 17.850 114.00 17.900 116.00 17.960 118.00 18.010 120.00 18.060 122.00 18.130 124.00 18.160 126.00 18.220 128.00 18.290 130.00 18.340 132.00 18.400 134.00 18.460 136.00 18.500 138.00 18.570 140.00 18.620 142.00 18.660 144.00 18.710 146.00 18.750 148.00 18.790 150.00 18.840 152.00 18.880 154.00 18.920 156.00 18.950 158.00 19.000 160.00 19.050 162.00 19.100 164.00 19.130 166.00 19.170 168.00 19.210 170.00 19.250 172.00 19.290 174.00 19.320 176.00 19.350 178.00 19.380 180.00 19.420 182.00 19.450 184.00 19.490 186.00 19.540 188.00 19.580 190.00 19.620 192.00 19.670 194.00 19.700 196.00 19.740 198.00 19.780 200.00 19.820 202.00 19.860 204.00 19.890 206.00 19.920 208.00 19.960 210.00 19.990 212.00 20.020 214.00 20.050 216.00 20.080 218.00 20.120 220.00 20.160 222.00 20.190 224.00 20.220 226.00 20.250 228.00 20.280 230.00 20.300 232.00 20.330 234.00 20.380 236.00 20.400 238.00 20.430 240.00 20.470 242.00 20.520 244.00 20.560 246.00 20.590 248.00 20.640 250.00 20.680 252.00 20.730 254.00 20.770 256.00 20.810 258.00 20.870 260.00 20.920 262.00 20.960 264.00 20.990 266.00 21.040 268.00 21.080 270.00 21.110 272.00 21.170 274.00 21.210 276.00 21.250 278.00 21.300 280.00 21.330 282.00 21.360 284.00 21.400 286.00 21.440 288.00 21.470 290.00 21.510 292.00 21.550 294.00 21.580 296.00 21.610 298.00 21.630 300.00 21.650 302.00 21.670