# Late glacial to Holocene sortable silt records from the southwestern Labrador Sea
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#               World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
#                                   and
#                      NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
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# Template Version 3.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data.
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed.
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# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
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# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/26730
#      Description: NOAA Landing Page
# Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/hoffmann2019/hoffmann2019-d18o.txt
#      Description: NOAA location of the template
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# Data_Type: Paleoceanography
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# Dataset_DOI:
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# Parameter_Keywords: physical properties, oxygen isotopes, geochemistry
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# Contribution_Date
#    Date: 2019-05-07
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# File_Last_Modified_Date
#    Date: 2019-05-07
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# Title
#    Study_Name: Late glacial to Holocene sortable silt records from the southwestern Labrador Sea
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# Investigators
#      Investigators: Hoffmann, S.S.; Dalsing, R.E.; Murphy, S.C.
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# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#        Description: Site metadata: KN158-4-27 (49.244 N, -48.9877 W, -1846 m, core length: 2.13); KN158-4-28 (49.2433 N, -48.9872 W, -1828 m, core length: 0.36); V23-18 (49 N, -45.017 W, -1593 m, core length: 4.05)
#         Provided Keywords: sediment grain size, sediment geochemistry
#---------------------------------------
# Publication
# Authors: Hoffmann, S.S., Dalsing, R.E., and Murphy, S.C.
# Published_Date_or_Year: 2019
# Published_Title: Sortable silt records of intermediate-depth circulation and sedimentation in the Southwest Labrador Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum
# Journal_Name: Quaternary Science Reviews
# Volume: 206
# Edition: 
# Issue: 
# Pages: 99-110
# Report_Number: 
# DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.12.028
# Online_Resource: 
# Full_Citation: 
# Abstract: The Labrador Sea is a vital region for the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), where overflow waters from the Nordic Seas mix with locally produced Labrador Sea Water, before exiting to the interior of the Atlantic Ocean. The dynamical sedimentary proxy of mean sortable silt size (SS) can give information on past changes in deep water circulation speed and the strength of AMOC. We have produced (SS) records from two core sites at depths between 1500 and 2000 m on the continental slope east of Newfoundland, to reconstruct changes in intermediate depth water circulation speed, including Glacial North Atlantic Intermediate Water and Labrador Sea Water over the past 22,000 years. Increases in (SS) appear to coincide with much of the deglaciation as well as the mid-late Holocene. End-member modeling suggests that ice-rafted debris (IRD) is an important factor in interpreting (SS) during the deglaciation. We find that a robust increase in (SS) is likely unrelated to IRD during the past 5 ka, and probably reflects increased flow at intermediate depths due to local production of LSW strengthening as Nordic Seas overflows weakened at this depth. Our results highlight both the complications of producing (SS) records in IRD-rich, slope environments and the promise that this proxy nevertheless has for reconstructing dynamical changes in deep ocean currents. 
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# Funding_Agency
#    Funding_Agency_Name: University of North Carolina Wilmington
#    Grant: Charles Cahill Award, Center for Marine Science Pilot Project Grant, Center for Marine Science Graduate Student Award, CSURF Undergraduate Research Award
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# Site_Information
# Site_Name:  V23-18, KN158-4-27 and 28
# Location: North Atlantic Ocean
# Country: 
# Northernmost_Latitude: 49.244
# Southernmost_Latitude: 49
# Easternmost_Longitude: -45.017
# Westernmost_Longitude: -48.9877
# Elevation: 
#---------------------------------------
# Data_Collection
#   Collection_Name:  V23-18+KN158-4-27/28 d18O Hoffmann2019
#   First_Year: 21342
#   Last_Year: 2750
#   Time_Unit: cal yr BP
#   Core_Length: 
#   Notes: KN158-4-27GGC ISGN: DSR0002YY; KN158-4-28GGC ISGN: DSR0002YZ; V23-18PC ISGN: DSR000W72
#---------------------------------------
# Chronology_Information 
# Chronology: 
# 
# Labcode	sample identification used by 14C laboratory 	
# core	Core	
# depth	Depth top of sample interval (cm)	
# species	Foraminifera species dated	
# 14C_age	conventional radiocarbon age, years before 1950AD  	
# 14C_age_error	radiocarbon age, standard error 	
# calib_age	Calibrated age	
# calib_age_error	Calibrated age 1-sigma error	
# 
# Labcode	core	depth	species	14C_age	14C_age_error	calib_age	calib_age_error	
# OS-124804  	KN158-4-28 _MCX	0.5	N. pachyderma sin.	1.21	0.02	0.745	0.066	
# OS-139277  	KN158-4-28 _MCX	10	N. pachyderma sin.	4.53	0.02	4.747	0.0855	
# OS-124802  	KN158-4-28 _MCX	36	N. pachyderma sin.	9	0.03	9.655	0.1265	
# OS-123661  	KN158-4-27_GGC	30	N. pachyderma sin.	9.08	0.025	9.793	0.121	
# OS-123662  	KN158-4-27_GGC	40	N. pachyderma sin.	9.38	0.03	10.21	0.0675	
# OS-123663  	KN158-4-27_GGC	80	N. pachyderma sin.	10.85	0.03	12.383	0.191	
# OS-139281  	KN158-4-27_GGC	120	N. pachyderma sin.	13.7	0.04	15.989	0.182	
# OS-125625  	KN158-4-27_GGC	190	N. pachyderma sin.	16.5	0.045	19.432	0.171	
# OS-125390  	V23-18	0	N. pachyderma sin.	4.3	0.025	4.428	0.0855	
# OS-139282  	V23-18	8	N. pachyderma sin.	6.55	0.02	7.072	0.0825	
# OS-139283  	V23-18	20	N. pachyderma sin.	10.2	0.03	11.192	0.076	
# OS-139284  	V23-18	32	N. pachyderma sin.	12.75	0.035	14.32	0.264	
# OS-125391  	V23-18	40	N. pachyderma sin.	12.9	0.05	14.72	0.369	
# OS-139285  	V23-18	64	N. pachyderma sin.	15.4	0.05	18.222	0.184	
# OS-125392  	V23-18	100	N. pachyderma sin.	18.05	0.065	21.342	0.271	
# 
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# Variables
# Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data)
## core	sample identification,sediment,,dimensionless,,paleoceanography,,,C,
## depth	depth,sediment,,centimeter,,paleoceanography,,,N,
## age	age,sediment,,calendar kiloyear before present,,paleoceanography,,,N,
## d18O_Npachy-s	delta 18O,Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistral,,per mil,,paleoceanography,,,N,
#------------------------
# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing_Values: -999
core	depth	age	d18O_Npachy-s	
KN158-4-27GGC	0	-999	2.68	
KN158-4-27GGC	0	-999	2.54	
KN158-4-27GGC	1	-999	2.75	
KN158-4-27GGC	6	-999	2.55	
KN158-4-27GGC	6	-999	2.46	
KN158-4-27GGC	10	-999	3.07	
KN158-4-27GGC	10	-999	2.52	
KN158-4-27GGC	15	-999	2.23	
KN158-4-27GGC	15	-999	2.47	
KN158-4-27GGC	20	-999	2.68	
KN158-4-27GGC	20	-999	2.69	
KN158-4-27GGC	25	-999	2.41	
KN158-4-27GGC	25	-999	2.50	
KN158-4-27GGC	30	9.79	2.60	
KN158-4-27GGC	30	9.79	2.57	
KN158-4-27GGC	30	9.79	2.93	
KN158-4-27GGC	30	9.79	2.75	
KN158-4-27GGC	35	10.00	2.66	
KN158-4-27GGC	35	10.00	2.64	
KN158-4-27GGC	40	10.21	3.18	
KN158-4-27GGC	40	10.21	3.63	
KN158-4-27GGC	45	10.48	2.56	
KN158-4-27GGC	45	10.48	2.93	
KN158-4-27GGC	50	10.75	2.50	
KN158-4-27GGC	50	10.75	2.34	
KN158-4-27GGC	55	11.02	2.26	
KN158-4-27GGC	55	11.02	2.56	
KN158-4-27GGC	60	11.30	3.10	
KN158-4-27GGC	60	11.30	3.33	
KN158-4-27GGC	60	11.30	2.63	
KN158-4-27GGC	65	11.57	2.56	
KN158-4-27GGC	65	11.57	3.20	
KN158-4-27GGC	70	11.84	2.68	
KN158-4-27GGC	70	11.84	2.70	
KN158-4-27GGC	75	12.11	2.50	
KN158-4-27GGC	75	12.11	3.29	
KN158-4-27GGC	80	12.38	3.53	
KN158-4-27GGC	80	12.38	3.69	
KN158-4-27GGC	85	12.83	2.95	
KN158-4-27GGC	85	12.83	3.05	
KN158-4-27GGC	90	13.28	3.13	
KN158-4-27GGC	90	13.28	3.73	
KN158-4-27GGC	95	13.74	3.47	
KN158-4-27GGC	100	14.19	3.97	
KN158-4-27GGC	110	15.09	3.47	
KN158-4-27GGC	110	15.09	3.74	
KN158-4-27GGC	120	15.99	3.38	
KN158-4-27GGC	120	15.99	3.53	
KN158-4-27GGC	130	16.48	3.38	
KN158-4-27GGC	140	16.97	3.28	
KN158-4-27GGC	140	16.97	3.39	
KN158-4-27GGC	150	17.46	3.40	
KN158-4-27GGC	160	17.96	4.35	
KN158-4-27GGC	160	17.96	4.71	
KN158-4-27GGC	170	18.45	4.38	
KN158-4-27GGC	170	18.45	4.44	
KN158-4-27GGC	180	18.94	5.16	
KN158-4-27GGC	190	19.43	4.70	
KN158-4-27GGC	190	19.43	4.35	
KN158-4-27GGC	200	19.92	4.38	
KN158-4-27GGC	200	19.92	4.44	
KN158-4-28MCX	5	2.75	2.41	
KN158-4-28MCX	5	2.75	2.53	
KN158-4-28MCX	15	5.69	2.32	
KN158-4-28MCX	15	5.69	2.54	
KN158-4-28MCX	20	6.63	3.30	
KN158-4-28MCX	20	6.63	3.15	
KN158-4-28MCX	25	7.58	2.51	
KN158-4-28MCX	25	7.58	2.49	
KN158-4-28MCX	30	8.52	2.93	
KN158-4-28MCX	30	8.52	2.97	
KN158-4-28MCX	36	9.66	3.62	
KN158-4-28MCX	36	9.66	3.63	
V23-18	0	4.43	3.28	
V23-18	0	4.43	3.47	
V23-18	4	5.75	3.57	
V23-18	8	7.07	3.48	
V23-18	8	7.07	3.37	
V23-18	12	8.45	3.78	
V23-18	16	9.82	3.51	
V23-18	20	11.19	3.29	
V23-18	24	12.23	3.97	
V23-18	28	13.28	4.13	
V23-18	28	13.28	3.31	
V23-18	32	14.32	4.05	
V23-18	36	14.52	3.79	
V23-18	40	14.72	3.85	
V23-18	44	15.30	3.94	
V23-18	48	15.89	3.77	
V23-18	48	15.89	3.31	
V23-18	64	18.22	4.59	
V23-18	68	18.57	4.84	
V23-18	72	18.91	5.26	
V23-18	72	18.91	4.75	
V23-18	76	19.26	5.32	
V23-18	80	19.61	4.46	
V23-18	84	19.95	6.06	
V23-18	84	19.95	4.76	
V23-18	88	20.30	5.62	
V23-18	92	20.65	4.16	
V23-18	92	20.65	4.06	
V23-18	96	20.99	5.54	
V23-18	100	21.34	4.97