# Late Miocene to Present Global Ocean Alkenone and SST Reconstruction Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25390 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/herbert2016/herbert2016-odp850.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Archive: Paleoceanography # # Dataset_DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: biomarkers #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2018-10-10 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2018-10-10 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Late Miocene to Present Global Ocean Alkenone and SST Reconstruction Data #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Herbert, T.D.; Lawrence, K.T.; Tzanova, A.; Peterson, L.C.; Caballero-Gill, R.; Kelly, C.S. #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Note: age models for Sites 907 and 982 refined following publication of Herbert et al., 2016 NGS # Provided Keywords: Global ocean cooling, mid-Miocene to Present #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Herbert, T.D., K.T. Lawrence, A. Tzanova, L.C. Peterson, R. Caballero-Gill, and C.S. Kelly # Published_Date_or_Year: 2016 # Published_Title: Late Miocene Global Cooling and the Rise of Modern Ecosystems # Journal_Name: Nature Geoscience # Volume: 9 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 843-847 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/ngeo2813 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: During the late Miocene epoch, about seven million years ago, large areas of the continents experienced drying, enhanced seasonality, and a restructuring of terrestrial plant and animal communities. These changes are seen throughout the subtropics, but have typically been attributed to regional tectonic forcing. Here we present a set of globally distributed sea surface temperature records spanning the past 12 million years based on the alkenone unsaturation method. We find that a sustained late Miocene cooling occurred synchronously in both hemispheres, and culminated with ocean temperatures dipping to near-modern values between about 7 and 5.4 million years ago. The period of maximum cooling coincides with evidence for transient glaciations in the Northern Hemisphere and with a steepening of the pole-to-equator temperature gradient, as well. We thus infer that late Miocene aridity and terrestrial ecosystem changes occurred in a global context of increasing meridional temperature gradients. We conclude that a global forcing mechanism, such as the previously hypothesized decline in atmospheric CO2 levels between eight and six million years ago, is required to explain the late Miocene changes in temperature, climate and ecosystems. #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Zhang, Y.G., M. Pagani, and Z. Liu # Published_Date_or_Year: 2014 # Published_Title: A 12-Million-Year Temperature History of the Tropical Pacific Ocean # Journal_Name: Science # Volume: 344 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 84-87 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1126/science.1246172 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The appearance of permanent El Niño–like conditions prior to 3 million years ago is founded on sea-surface temperature (SST) reconstructions that show invariant Pacific warm pool temperatures and negligible equatorial zonal temperature gradients. However, only a few SST records are available, and these are potentially compromised by changes in seawater chemistry, diagenesis, and calibration limitations. For this study, we establish new biomarker-SST records and show that the Pacific warm pool was ~4°C warmer 12 million years ago. Both the warm pool and cold tongue slowly cooled toward modern conditions while maintaining a zonal temperature gradient of ~3°C in the late Miocene, which increased during the Plio-Pleistocene. Our results contrast with previous temperature reconstructions that support the supposition of a permanent El Niño–like state. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation Ocean Sciences # Grant: 1459280, 1545859 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Evolving Earth Foundation # Grant: #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: ODP 850 # Location: Eastern Pacific Ocean # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 1.297 # Southernmost_Latitude: 1.297 # Easternmost_Longitude: -110.521 # Westernmost_Longitude: -110.521 # Elevation: -3786 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: ODP850-2016alkenones Herbert # First_Year: 11880500 # Last_Year: 1300 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length: # Notes: alkenone data reported from Zhang et al., interpreted in anomaly framework by Herbert et al., 2016. Chronology taken from Zhang et al., 2014. #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) ## sitename sample identification,,,,,paleoceanography,,,C,Site ## Hole notes,,,,,paleoceanography,,,C,hole name ## core notes,,,,,paleoceanography,,,C,core ## section notes,,,,,paleoceanography,,,C,section ## cm_top depth at sample end,,,centimeter,,paleoceanography,,,N, ## cm_base depth at sample start,,,centimeter,,paleoceanography,,,N, ## depth_mbsf depth,,,meter,,paleoceanography,,,N,shipboard meters below sea floor ## depth_mcd depth,,,meter,,paleoceanography,,,N,composite depth ## age_kaBP age,,,calendar kiloyear before present,,paleoceanography,,,N, ## age_uncert_ka age,,90% confidence interval margin of error,calendar kiloyear before present,,paleoceanography,,,N, ## Uk'37 alkenone unsaturation index,sediment,,dimensionless,,paleoceanography,,gas chromatography - flame ionization detection,N,GC-FID ## SST_P sea surface temperature,alkenone unsaturation index,,degree Celsius,,climate reconstructions,,,N,SST calibration following F.G. Prahl et al., 1988; estimated ## SST_M sea surface temperature,alkenone unsaturation index,,degree Celsius,,climate reconstructions,,,N,SST calibration following P.J. Muller et al. 1998; estimated ## SST_anom-M sea surface temperature,alkenone unsaturation index,,degree Celsius,,climate reconstructions,anomalized,,N,SST anomaly relative to modern; Muller calibration ## SST_anom_back sea surface temperature,alkenone unsaturation index,,degree Celsius,,climate reconstructions,anomalized,,N,SST anomaly relative to modern; backtraced for paleolatitude/longitude #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: NaN sitename Hole core section cm_top cm_base depth_mbsf depth_mcd age_kaBP age_uncert_ka Uk'37 SST_P SST_M SST_anom-M SST_anom_back 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 0.025 1.3 5.0 0.913 25.69 26.32 1.1 1.1 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 0.125 6.5 5.0 0.696 19.33 19.76 -5.4 -5.4 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 3.075 144.9 5.0 0.836 23.45 24.01 -1.2 -1.2 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 6.075 292.8 5.0 0.788 22.04 22.56 -2.6 -2.6 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 9.075 429.9 5.0 0.755 21.05 21.54 -3.7 -3.7 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 12.075 604.3 5.0 0.832 23.33 23.88 -1.3 -1.3 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 14.975 730.6 5.0 0.833 23.34 23.90 -1.3 -1.3 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 17.975 883.3 5.0 0.784 21.92 22.43 -2.8 -2.8 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 20.975 1052.5 5.0 0.819 22.93 23.48 -1.7 -1.6 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 24.625 1227.1 5.0 0.915 25.77 26.40 1.2 1.4 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 27.025 1346.0 5.0 0.876 24.62 25.21 0.0 0.2 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 30.025 1510.8 5.0 0.836 23.45 24.01 -1.2 -1.0 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 33.025 1679.5 5.0 0.859 24.13 24.70 -0.5 -0.3 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 36.025 1816.5 5.0 0.871 24.48 25.07 -0.1 0.1 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 39.025 1965.0 5.0 0.869 24.41 25.00 -0.2 0.0 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 42.025 2121.4 5.0 0.868 24.39 24.97 -0.2 0.0 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 45.025 2274.6 5.0 0.879 24.72 25.31 0.1 0.4 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 47.975 2369.0 5.0 0.899 25.29 25.90 0.7 1.0 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 50.975 2513.0 5.0 0.882 24.80 25.40 0.2 0.5 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 53.975 2651.8 5.0 0.903 25.42 26.04 0.8 1.1 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 56.975 2782.4 5.0 0.915 25.77 26.40 1.2 1.5 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 59.975 2916.0 5.0 0.904 25.45 26.07 0.9 1.1 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 61.825 2998.8 5.0 0.904 25.43 26.05 0.9 1.1 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 65.475 3158.3 5.0 0.919 25.89 26.53 1.3 1.6 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 71.675 3466.4 5.0 0.872 24.51 25.10 -0.1 0.2 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 72.025 3479.1 5.0 0.927 26.11 26.75 1.6 1.8 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 78.025 3725.5 5.0 0.930 26.21 26.85 1.7 1.9 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 79.505 3797.5 5.0 0.948 26.74 27.39 2.2 2.5 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 84.025 4009.1 5.0 0.909 25.58 26.20 1.0 1.3 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 88.375 4269.1 5.0 0.932 26.28 26.92 1.7 2.0 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 90.025 4334.7 5.0 0.951 26.83 27.49 2.3 2.6 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 96.525 4546.9 5.0 0.932 26.27 26.91 1.7 2.0 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 97.225 4561.7 5.0 0.920 25.90 26.53 1.3 1.7 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 102.025 4644.9 5.0 0.938 26.43 27.08 1.9 2.2 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 106.075 4697.7 5.0 0.879 24.70 25.30 0.1 0.4 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 108.025 4756.6 5.0 0.922 25.96 26.60 1.4 1.7 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 113.925 4893.9 5.0 0.920 25.92 26.55 1.4 1.7 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 114.025 4895.6 5.0 0.922 25.96 26.59 1.4 1.7 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 115.5 5017.3 5.0 0.933 26.30 26.95 1.7 2.1 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 123.775 5250.1 5.0 0.947 26.70 27.36 2.2 2.5 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 132.625 5352.3 5.0 0.963 27.17 27.85 2.6 3.0 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 141.475 5555.3 5.0 0.945 26.64 27.30 2.1 2.5 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 143 5576.9 5.0 0.941 26.52 27.17 2.0 2.3 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 150.325 5723.2 5.0 0.942 26.57 27.22 2.0 2.4 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 159.175 5813.0 5.0 0.938 26.45 27.10 1.9 2.3 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 168.025 5981.2 5.0 0.943 26.59 27.24 2.0 2.4 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 173 6025.7 5.0 0.941 26.52 27.17 2.0 2.4 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 176.875 6085.6 5.0 0.939 26.47 27.12 1.9 2.3 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 185.715 6226.8 5.0 0.955 26.95 27.62 2.4 2.8 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 194.575 6430.5 5.0 0.967 27.28 27.95 2.8 3.2 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 202 6522.6 5.0 0.939 26.46 27.11 1.9 2.3 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 203.425 6531.4 5.0 0.966 27.27 27.95 2.7 3.2 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 212.28 6587.3 5.0 0.953 26.89 27.55 2.4 2.8 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 221.125 6649.2 5.0 0.949 26.77 27.43 2.2 2.6 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 229.775 6852.3 5.0 0.959 27.06 27.72 2.5 2.9 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 231 6888.6 5.0 0.957 27.01 27.67 2.5 2.9 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 238.825 7097.9 5.0 0.961 27.11 27.78 2.6 3.0 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 247.675 7258.4 5.0 0.959 27.06 27.73 2.5 3.0 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 256.525 7456.4 5.0 0.969 27.36 28.04 2.8 3.3 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 260 7672.5 5.0 0.969 27.34 28.02 2.8 3.3 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 265.375 7803.2 5.0 0.971 27.41 28.09 2.9 3.4 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 274.225 8100.3 5.0 0.967 27.28 27.96 2.8 3.2 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 283.075 8330.7 5.0 0.967 27.29 27.97 2.8 3.2 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 289 8464.5 5.0 0.946 26.68 27.33 2.1 2.6 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 291.925 8552.0 5.0 0.959 27.06 27.72 2.5 3.0 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 300.775 8843.7 5.0 0.971 27.41 28.09 2.9 3.4 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 309.625 9091.5 5.0 0.959 27.06 27.72 2.5 3.0 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 318 9419.7 5.0 0.955 26.93 27.60 2.4 2.9 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 318.475 9435.3 5.0 0.982 27.75 28.44 3.2 3.7 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 327.325 9704.8 5.0 0.966 27.26 27.94 2.7 3.3 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 336.175 10073.5 5.0 0.960 27.09 27.75 2.6 3.1 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 345.025 10259.8 5.0 0.973 27.47 28.15 3.0 3.5 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 347 10399.8 5.0 0.965 27.25 27.92 2.7 3.3 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 350.875 10496.6 5.0 0.969 27.34 28.02 2.8 3.4 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 362.825 10678.6 5.0 0.983 27.77 28.46 3.3 3.8 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 367.725 10832.7 5.0 0.981 27.72 28.40 3.2 3.8 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 380.425 11105.3 5.0 0.977 27.59 28.27 3.1 3.6 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 389.275 11311.4 5.0 0.975 27.54 28.22 3.0 3.6 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 398.125 11673.8 5.0 0.973 27.47 28.15 3.0 3.5 850 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 405 11880.5 5.0 0.985 27.82 28.52 3.3 3.9