# China temperature during the past 2000 years #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using these data, # If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:14548 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/ge2013/ge2013.txt # # # Archive: Reconstruction #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2013-06-07 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: China temperature during the past 2000 years #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Ge, Q.; Hao, Z.; Zheng, J. ; Shao, X. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: Dataset of China temperature reconstruction from 1 C.E. to 2000C.E. has 10-year time resolution. PLS is reconstruction using partial Least Square regression method in the paper; PLS_UP and PLS_BO are the uncertainties at 95% confidence level; PC is reconstruction using Principle component regression method, PC_UP and PC_BO are same with PLS_UP and PLS_BO. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Ge, Q., Z. Hao, J. Zheng, X. Shao # Published_Date_or_Year: 2013-05-27 # Published_Title: Temperature changes over the past 2000 yr in China and comparison with the Northern Hemisphere # Journal_Name: Climate of the Past # Volume: 9 # Issue: # Pages: 1153-1160 # DOI: 10.5194/cp-9-1153-2013 # Abstract: We use principal component regression and partial least squares regression to separately reconstruct a composite series of temperature variations in China, and associated uncertainties, at a decadal resolution over the past 2000 yr. The reconstruction is developed using proxy temperature data with relatively high confidence levels from five regions across China, and using a temperature series from observations by the Chinese Meteorological Administration, covering the period from 1871 to 2000. Relative to the 1851-1950 climatology, our two reconstructions show four warm intervals during AD1-AD200, AD551-AD 760, AD951-AD 1320, and after AD1921, and four cold intervals during AD 201-AD 350, AD 441-AD 530, AD781-AD950, and AD1321-AD 1920. The temperatures during AD981-AD 1100 and AD1201-AD 1270 are comparable to those of the Present Warm Period, but have an uncertainty of ±0.28°C to ±0.42°C at the 95% confidence interval. Temperature variations over China are typically in phase with those of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) after 1000, a period which covers the Medieval Climate Anomaly, the Little Ice Age, and the Present Warm Period. In contrast, a warm period in China during AD541-AD 740 is not obviously seen in the NH. # #--------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China # Grant: 2010CB950100 #--------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Chinese Academy of Sciences # Grant: XDA05080100 #--------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Commonwealth research funding from CMA # Grant: GYHY201106013-2-2 #--------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Natural Science Foundation of China # Grant: 41071029 #--------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Southeastern Asia # Location: Eastern Asia # Country: China # Northernmost_Latitude: 53.55 # Southernmost_Latitude: 3.86 # Easternmost_Longitude: 135.05 # Westernmost_Longitude: 73.66 # Elevation: -150 - 8840 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Core_Name: China Temp-Ge13 # First_Year: 5 # Last_Year: 1995 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Variables # # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-9 components: material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data. ## Year_AD year,,,AD,,,,,N ## temp-PLS temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,reconstruction,,partial least squares,N ## temp-PLS-up_err temperature,,95% confidence level upper bound,degrees Celsius,,reconstruction,,partial least squares,N ## temp-PLS-lo_err temperature,,95% confidence level lower bound,degrees Celsius,,reconstruction,,partial least squares,N ## temp-PC temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,reconstruction,,principle component,N ## temp-PC-up_err temperature,,95% confidence level upper bound,degrees Celsius,,reconstruction,,principle component,N ## temp-PC-lo_err temperature,,95% confidence level lower bound,degrees Celsius,,reconstruction,,principle component,N #----------------- # DATA Year_AD temp-PLS temp-PLS-up_err temp-PLS-lo_err temp-PC temp-PC-up_err temp-PC-lo_err 5 0.33 0.66 0.00 0.18 0.35 0.00 15 0.39 0.88 -0.10 0.04 0.23 -0.16 25 -0.08 0.16 -0.32 -0.04 0.36 -0.45 35 0.24 0.59 -0.10 0.06 0.33 -0.22 45 0.29 0.68 -0.09 0.06 0.29 -0.16 55 0.30 0.63 -0.04 0.13 0.32 -0.05 65 0.13 0.48 -0.23 -0.01 0.38 -0.40 75 0.02 0.15 -0.11 0.17 0.53 -0.19 85 0.16 0.29 0.02 0.33 0.55 0.10 95 0.29 0.60 -0.03 0.17 0.54 -0.21 105 0.19 0.41 -0.03 0.18 0.58 -0.22 115 0.47 1.00 -0.07 0.07 0.35 -0.21 125 0.27 0.51 0.03 0.23 0.45 0.00 135 -0.06 0.09 -0.21 0.10 0.67 -0.46 145 -0.03 0.15 -0.21 0.06 0.60 -0.47 155 0.18 0.35 0.02 0.25 0.43 0.06 165 0.30 0.52 0.09 0.28 0.48 0.08 175 0.32 0.66 -0.03 0.14 0.30 -0.03 185 -0.04 0.20 -0.27 -0.02 0.39 -0.42 195 0.17 0.40 -0.07 0.12 0.31 -0.07 205 -0.28 -0.10 -0.47 -0.05 0.37 -0.47 215 -0.16 0.30 -0.63 -0.35 0.25 -0.95 225 -0.13 0.25 -0.51 -0.23 0.30 -0.76 235 0.03 0.18 -0.12 0.12 0.29 -0.04 245 0.07 0.26 -0.12 0.11 0.31 -0.09 255 -0.21 -0.05 -0.38 0.06 0.29 -0.17 265 -0.33 -0.13 -0.52 -0.06 0.18 -0.31 275 0.12 0.65 -0.41 -0.25 0.21 -0.72 285 -0.01 0.26 -0.28 -0.07 0.34 -0.49 295 -0.14 0.18 -0.46 -0.21 0.10 -0.51 305 0.16 0.72 -0.40 -0.24 0.11 -0.60 315 -0.08 0.23 -0.39 -0.16 0.16 -0.48 325 -0.15 0.24 -0.55 -0.30 0.06 -0.65 335 -0.24 0.17 -0.65 -0.37 0.02 -0.76 345 -0.06 0.27 -0.39 -0.16 0.13 -0.45 355 0.03 0.28 -0.23 -0.01 0.20 -0.22 365 0.21 0.58 -0.16 0.02 0.24 -0.20 375 0.03 0.30 -0.24 -0.02 0.28 -0.32 385 -0.02 0.18 -0.23 0.02 0.26 -0.22 395 0.05 0.44 -0.34 -0.13 0.18 -0.44 405 0.07 0.42 -0.28 -0.08 0.17 -0.32 415 0.15 0.60 -0.30 -0.12 0.14 -0.38 425 0.13 0.57 -0.32 -0.14 0.13 -0.40 435 -0.01 0.36 -0.38 -0.17 0.11 -0.45 445 -0.07 0.18 -0.32 -0.08 0.24 -0.41 455 -0.09 0.14 -0.32 -0.08 0.34 -0.51 465 -0.07 0.13 -0.28 -0.05 0.51 -0.61 475 -0.25 -0.08 -0.42 0.01 0.59 -0.58 485 -0.08 0.21 -0.37 -0.16 0.51 -0.84 495 -0.07 0.18 -0.32 -0.11 0.55 -0.76 505 -0.08 0.12 -0.28 -0.05 0.57 -0.68 515 -0.14 0.02 -0.29 -0.01 0.55 -0.56 525 0.01 0.29 -0.27 -0.08 0.35 -0.51 535 -0.03 0.26 -0.31 -0.09 0.18 -0.37 545 -0.11 0.05 -0.26 0.03 0.22 -0.17 555 0.10 0.35 -0.14 0.06 0.24 -0.12 565 0.22 0.53 -0.09 0.09 0.30 -0.12 575 0.30 0.64 -0.04 0.14 0.43 -0.15 585 0.12 0.30 -0.06 0.17 0.45 -0.12 595 0.01 0.17 -0.15 0.12 0.43 -0.20 605 -0.13 0.01 -0.27 0.13 0.43 -0.16 615 -0.08 0.05 -0.21 0.14 0.47 -0.20 625 0.00 0.13 -0.13 0.17 0.47 -0.13 635 0.03 0.19 -0.12 0.14 0.52 -0.24 645 -0.06 0.07 -0.20 0.12 0.62 -0.38 655 0.10 0.33 -0.13 0.10 0.55 -0.36 665 0.28 0.56 0.00 0.18 0.44 -0.07 675 0.20 0.39 0.01 0.24 0.57 -0.10 685 0.28 0.76 -0.20 -0.01 0.60 -0.62 695 0.37 0.66 0.07 0.26 0.58 -0.07 705 0.32 0.55 0.09 0.29 0.55 0.03 715 0.43 0.83 0.03 0.19 0.41 -0.03 725 0.14 0.28 -0.01 0.25 0.54 -0.05 735 0.27 0.54 0.01 0.19 0.37 0.02 745 0.24 0.51 -0.04 0.14 0.31 -0.03 755 0.18 0.41 -0.04 0.15 0.32 -0.01 765 -0.10 0.04 -0.24 0.15 0.31 -0.01 775 -0.11 0.08 -0.31 -0.04 0.18 -0.26 785 -0.11 0.16 -0.38 -0.14 0.17 -0.45 795 -0.28 -0.09 -0.47 -0.10 0.17 -0.36 805 -0.38 -0.17 -0.59 -0.08 0.17 -0.33 815 -0.28 -0.06 -0.49 -0.15 0.15 -0.45 825 0.01 0.42 -0.39 -0.19 0.11 -0.50 835 -0.06 0.15 -0.26 -0.01 0.20 -0.22 845 -0.22 0.00 -0.44 0.19 0.40 -0.03 855 -0.03 0.27 -0.32 -0.02 0.22 -0.26 865 0.02 0.49 -0.44 0.04 0.42 -0.35 875 -0.19 0.08 -0.45 -0.12 0.10 -0.34 885 -0.21 0.05 -0.47 -0.17 0.04 -0.38 895 -0.38 -0.14 -0.62 -0.30 -0.05 -0.55 905 -0.28 -0.08 -0.47 -0.14 0.04 -0.32 915 -0.13 0.09 -0.35 -0.06 0.15 -0.27 925 0.11 0.36 -0.14 0.11 0.31 -0.09 935 -0.02 0.12 -0.15 0.02 0.15 -0.11 945 0.12 0.30 -0.07 0.16 0.33 -0.02 955 0.23 0.47 -0.01 0.25 0.47 0.03 965 0.40 0.68 0.13 0.42 0.69 0.15 975 0.26 0.46 0.06 0.29 0.48 0.09 985 0.11 0.31 -0.09 0.14 0.32 -0.03 995 0.45 0.76 0.14 0.46 0.76 0.16 1005 0.16 0.38 -0.07 0.23 0.45 0.00 1015 0.17 0.59 -0.24 0.23 0.61 -0.15 1025 0.60 1.19 0.01 0.57 1.10 0.03 1035 0.40 0.86 -0.06 0.40 0.82 -0.03 1045 0.29 0.67 -0.08 0.33 0.69 -0.03 1055 0.11 0.49 -0.26 0.12 0.48 -0.23 1065 0.61 1.13 0.09 0.53 1.01 0.05 1075 0.18 0.52 -0.16 0.18 0.50 -0.14 1085 0.40 0.83 -0.04 0.34 0.73 -0.05 1095 0.40 0.65 0.15 0.37 0.58 0.17 1105 0.53 0.98 0.09 0.49 0.89 0.09 1115 0.25 0.67 -0.17 0.22 0.56 -0.11 1125 0.24 0.69 -0.21 0.24 0.62 -0.13 1135 0.08 0.34 -0.18 0.11 0.33 -0.10 1145 0.00 0.24 -0.25 0.06 0.27 -0.15 1155 -0.03 0.21 -0.27 0.06 0.28 -0.17 1165 0.03 0.26 -0.19 0.10 0.30 -0.10 1175 -0.04 0.09 -0.18 0.05 0.17 -0.08 1185 0.03 0.18 -0.11 0.12 0.26 -0.03 1195 0.30 0.69 -0.08 0.31 0.65 -0.03 1205 0.24 0.48 0.01 0.31 0.55 0.07 1215 0.38 0.72 0.04 0.44 0.79 0.08 1225 0.39 0.68 0.11 0.44 0.74 0.14 1235 0.55 0.97 0.13 0.53 0.93 0.12 1245 0.46 0.81 0.11 0.45 0.79 0.10 1255 0.51 1.00 0.03 0.46 0.92 0.01 1265 0.42 0.79 0.04 0.40 0.77 0.04 1275 0.49 1.04 -0.07 0.44 0.94 -0.07 1285 0.13 0.56 -0.29 0.17 0.59 -0.26 1295 0.01 0.27 -0.26 0.08 0.35 -0.20 1305 0.02 0.27 -0.24 0.05 0.28 -0.18 1315 -0.26 0.01 -0.52 -0.20 0.05 -0.46 1325 -0.05 0.26 -0.35 -0.03 0.21 -0.28 1335 -0.09 0.20 -0.38 -0.04 0.21 -0.29 1345 -0.26 -0.06 -0.47 -0.18 0.01 -0.37 1355 -0.37 -0.16 -0.58 -0.25 -0.06 -0.43 1365 -0.07 0.18 -0.32 -0.05 0.16 -0.27 1375 0.02 0.33 -0.29 0.04 0.32 -0.24 1385 -0.03 0.13 -0.18 0.02 0.18 -0.13 1395 -0.16 0.00 -0.33 -0.07 0.07 -0.20 1405 -0.13 0.11 -0.37 -0.08 0.13 -0.30 1415 -0.32 -0.13 -0.52 -0.28 -0.08 -0.48 1425 -0.16 0.05 -0.38 -0.13 0.05 -0.31 1435 -0.25 -0.05 -0.44 -0.19 -0.02 -0.37 1445 -0.20 0.00 -0.40 -0.14 0.03 -0.31 1455 -0.12 0.19 -0.42 -0.06 0.21 -0.32 1465 -0.15 0.07 -0.38 -0.04 0.17 -0.25 1475 0.00 0.22 -0.22 0.12 0.56 -0.32 1485 0.04 0.25 -0.17 0.15 0.62 -0.32 1495 -0.09 0.17 -0.34 0.04 0.55 -0.47 1505 0.04 0.24 -0.17 0.06 0.31 -0.19 1515 -0.19 0.11 -0.49 -0.18 0.08 -0.45 1525 -0.03 0.20 -0.26 -0.07 0.15 -0.29 1535 -0.37 0.02 -0.76 -0.43 -0.04 -0.81 1545 0.03 0.24 -0.17 0.00 0.23 -0.22 1555 0.06 0.26 -0.14 0.05 0.28 -0.18 1565 -0.19 0.11 -0.49 -0.18 0.10 -0.46 1575 -0.01 0.21 -0.23 0.04 0.38 -0.31 1585 0.01 0.23 -0.20 0.09 0.46 -0.28 1595 -0.01 0.21 -0.23 0.08 0.50 -0.33 1605 -0.04 0.20 -0.27 0.03 0.35 -0.30 1615 -0.15 0.13 -0.44 -0.13 0.14 -0.41 1625 -0.18 0.12 -0.47 -0.06 0.39 -0.51 1635 -0.24 0.09 -0.57 -0.22 0.07 -0.52 1645 -0.15 0.13 -0.43 -0.08 0.26 -0.41 1655 -0.51 -0.04 -0.98 -0.52 -0.08 -0.96 1665 -0.33 0.04 -0.70 -0.28 0.06 -0.62 1675 -0.13 0.14 -0.40 -0.01 0.44 -0.46 1685 -0.31 0.05 -0.66 -0.31 0.01 -0.63 1695 -0.16 0.13 -0.45 -0.21 0.07 -0.48 1705 0.04 0.25 -0.17 0.09 0.37 -0.19 1715 -0.26 0.08 -0.60 -0.14 0.23 -0.52 1725 -0.19 0.11 -0.49 -0.18 0.08 -0.44 1735 0.11 0.30 -0.08 0.11 0.33 -0.11 1745 0.08 0.27 -0.12 0.14 0.46 -0.19 1755 -0.03 0.20 -0.26 0.01 0.28 -0.26 1765 -0.12 0.15 -0.39 -0.05 0.28 -0.37 1775 -0.05 0.19 -0.29 0.02 0.38 -0.34 1785 -0.14 0.14 -0.42 -0.10 0.18 -0.37 1795 -0.23 0.09 -0.55 -0.08 0.43 -0.58 1805 -0.15 0.13 -0.43 -0.08 0.24 -0.41 1815 -0.37 0.02 -0.76 -0.30 0.10 -0.69 1825 -0.21 0.10 -0.52 -0.06 0.44 -0.56 1835 -0.47 -0.02 -0.92 -0.50 -0.07 -0.94 1845 -0.26 0.07 -0.60 -0.18 0.16 -0.53 1855 -0.31 0.05 -0.67 -0.27 0.06 -0.60 1865 -0.37 0.02 -0.77 -0.40 -0.03 -0.77 1875 -0.38 -0.02 -0.75 -0.46 -0.05 -0.87 1885 0.01 0.19 -0.17 0.05 0.31 -0.21 1895 -0.10 0.13 -0.32 -0.17 0.08 -0.43 1905 0.15 0.30 0.00 0.11 0.28 -0.06 1915 0.14 0.29 -0.01 0.19 0.43 -0.05 1925 0.15 0.30 0.00 0.24 0.58 -0.09 1935 0.29 0.46 0.13 0.35 0.63 0.07 1945 0.41 0.62 0.21 0.36 0.58 0.14 1955 0.26 0.42 0.11 0.19 0.38 0.00 1965 0.15 0.30 0.00 0.09 0.28 -0.10 1975 0.16 0.31 0.01 0.11 0.26 -0.05 1985 0.43 0.65 0.22 0.37 0.62 0.12 1995 0.70 1.04 0.36 0.64 1.02 0.27