Benguela Upwelling Region Holocene and Deglacial Mg/Ca Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Benguela Upwelling Region Holocene and Deglacial Mg/Ca Data LAST UPDATE: 8/2005 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: E. Christa Farmer, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2005-064 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Farmer, E.C., et al. 2005. Benguela Upwelling Region Holocene and Deglacial Mg/Ca Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2005-064. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Farmer, E.C., P.B. deMenocal, and T.M. Marchitto. 2005. Holocene and deglacial ocean temperature variability in the Benguela upwelling region: Implications for low-latitude atmospheric circulation. Paleoceanography, 20, PA2018, doi:10.1029/2004PA001049. ABSTRACT: Mg/Ca analyses of G. bulloides and abundances of N. pachyderma (left coiling) from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 175 Hole 1084B in the Benguela coastal upwelling system document lower sea surface temperatures during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), Younger Dryas, mid-Holocene, and Little Ice Age in the southeastern Atlantic. Taking into consideration the possible effects of differential carbonate dissolution, the Mg/Ca data indicate Younger Dryas temperatures 2–3C cooler than those of the early Holocene and LGM temperatures 4–5C cooler than those of the early Holocene. The cool interval during the deglacial period at Hole 1084B matches the timing of Younger Dryas shifts in Cariaco Basin and Greenland Ice Sheet records and that of a nearby alkenone record. Comparison of mid-Holocene cooling at Hole ODP1084B with other high- resolution records of Holocene and last deglacial sea surface temperatures from the tropical Atlantic implies consistent basin-wide changes in atmospheric circulation. A brief period of 1.5–2C cooling between 17.8 and 17.2 ka, if related to Heinrich event 1, is consistent with a previously hypothesized tropical origin of all Heinrich climate change events. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Benguela upwelling region, Namibian coast, eastern South Atlantic PERIOD OF RECORD: 21 KYrBP - present DESCRIPTION: Four datasets are included: each lists the center depth and calendar age of each sample. The first dataset lists the average of all measured Mg/Ca values (mmol/mol), and the corresponding temperature (degrees C) as based on conversion as described in the text. The second lists the duplicate datapoints that went into the average values in the first dataset. The third dataset includes data targeted at quantifying the effects of dissolution on the Mg/Ca data, i.e. Size-normalized weights of N. pachyderma (right coiling). See the text of Farmer et al. (2005) for discussion. The fourth dataset includes relative percentages of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (left coiling). ODP 1084B 25 deg. 30.830'S, 13 deg. 1.670'E, 1992 m water depth DATA: 1. Average Mg/Ca (Figure 2b) depth cal age Mg/Ca temperature (cm) (yr) mmol/mol (degC) 5.5 0 2.11 14.0 6.5 66 2.17 14.2 8.5 197 2.10 13.9 9.5 263 2.08 13.8 10.5 329 1.82 12.6 11.5 395 2.03 13.6 12.5 461 1.95 13.2 13.5 527 1.91 13.0 14.5 592 1.81 12.5 15.5 658 2.21 14.4 16.5 724 1.79 12.4 18.5 856 1.91 13.0 19.5 921 1.96 13.3 20.5 987 1.89 12.9 22.5 1206 2.10 13.9 23.5 1360 2.13 14.0 24.5 1513 1.99 13.4 25.5 1667 1.81 12.5 26.5 1820 1.98 13.4 27.5 1974 2.07 13.8 28.5 2127 2.14 14.1 29.5 2281 2.00 13.5 30.5 2434 2.13 14.0 31.5 2588 1.92 13.1 32.5 2741 1.99 13.4 33.5 2895 2.16 14.2 34.5 3048 2.14 14.1 35.5 3201 1.95 13.2 36.5 3355 2.22 14.4 37.5 3508 2.32 14.8 38.5 3662 2.19 14.3 39.5 3815 2.22 14.4 40.5 3969 2.17 14.2 41.5 4122 2.07 13.8 42.5 4276 2.10 13.9 43.5 4429 2.18 14.3 44.5 4583 2.20 14.4 45.5 4736 2.04 13.7 46.5 4890 2.21 14.4 47.5 5043 2.31 14.8 48.5 5153 2.32 14.8 49.5 5263 2.18 14.2 50.5 5374 2.11 13.9 51.5 5484 2.13 14.0 52.5 5594 2.31 14.8 53.5 5704 2.31 14.8 54.5 5814 1.93 13.1 55.5 5925 1.97 13.3 57.5 6145 2.11 13.9 58.5 6255 1.91 13.0 59.5 6365 2.00 13.4 60.5 6476 1.94 13.2 61.5 6586 2.03 13.6 62.5 6696 2.45 15.3 63.5 6806 1.80 12.4 64.5 6916 2.02 13.5 65.5 7027 2.15 14.1 66.5 7137 1.79 12.4 67.5 7247 1.88 12.9 68.5 7357 2.12 14.0 69.5 7467 1.89 12.9 70.5 7578 2.02 13.6 71.5 7688 1.88 12.9 72.5 7798 2.11 13.9 73.5 7908 2.11 14.0 74.5 8018 2.24 14.5 75.5 8129 1.81 12.5 76.5 8239 2.13 14.1 78.5 8406 2.28 14.7 79.5 8462 2.26 14.6 80.5 8519 2.20 14.4 81.5 8576 2.29 14.7 83.5 8689 2.22 14.4 84.5 8746 2.41 15.2 85.5 8802 2.25 14.5 86.5 8859 2.25 14.5 87.5 8916 2.27 14.6 88.5 8972 2.22 14.4 89.5 9029 2.22 14.4 90.5 9086 2.37 15.0 91.5 9142 2.23 14.5 92.5 9199 2.26 14.6 93.5 9256 2.27 14.6 94.5 9312 1.96 13.2 95.5 9369 2.15 14.1 96.5 9426 2.21 14.4 97.5 9482 2.47 15.4 98.5 9539 2.40 15.2 99.5 9596 2.52 15.6 100.5 9652 2.13 14.0 101.5 9709 2.07 13.8 102.5 9766 2.19 14.3 103.5 9822 2.39 15.1 104.5 9879 1.95 13.2 105.5 9931 2.18 14.3 106.5 9982 2.17 14.2 107.5 10034 2.06 13.7 108.5 10085 2.06 13.7 109.5 10137 2.10 13.9 110.5 10189 2.38 15.1 111.5 10240 1.97 13.3 112.5 10292 2.25 14.6 113.5 10343 2.17 14.2 114.5 10395 2.25 14.5 115.5 10446 1.92 13.1 116.5 10498 2.18 14.3 117.5 10550 2.05 13.7 118.5 10601 2.21 14.4 119.5 10653 1.97 13.3 120.5 10704 2.02 13.5 121.5 10756 2.08 13.8 122.5 10808 2.15 14.1 123.5 10859 2.01 13.5 124.5 10911 2.26 14.6 125.5 10962 2.20 14.3 126.5 11014 2.20 14.3 127.5 11065 2.06 13.7 128.5 11117 2.08 13.8 129.5 11155 2.00 13.4 130.5 11194 1.95 13.2 131.5 11232 1.91 13.0 132.5 11270 2.07 13.8 133.5 11309 2.18 14.2 134.5 11347 2.20 14.3 135.5 11385 2.01 13.5 136.5 11424 2.25 14.6 137.5 11462 1.76 12.3 138.5 11500 2.02 13.5 139.5 11539 1.80 12.5 140.5 11577 1.81 12.5 141.5 11615 1.62 11.5 142.5 11654 1.86 12.7 143.5 11692 1.70 12.0 144.5 11730 1.94 13.2 145.5 11769 1.59 11.3 146.5 11807 1.73 12.1 148.5 11884 1.59 11.3 150.5 11961 1.95 13.2 152.5 12037 1.81 12.5 154.5 12114 1.62 11.5 156.5 12191 1.79 12.4 158.5 12267 1.67 11.8 160.5 12344 1.77 12.3 162.5 12421 1.73 12.1 164.5 12497 1.64 11.6 166.5 12574 1.84 12.7 168.5 12651 1.54 11.0 170.5 12727 1.81 12.5 172.5 12804 1.84 12.7 174.5 12892 1.80 12.5 176.5 12979 1.69 11.9 178.5 13067 1.80 12.4 180.5 13155 1.96 13.3 182.5 13243 1.86 12.8 184.5 13330 2.10 13.9 186.5 13418 2.17 14.2 188.5 13506 1.89 12.9 190.5 13594 1.99 13.4 192.5 13681 1.86 12.8 194.5 13769 2.07 13.8 196.5 13857 2.15 14.1 198.5 13945 1.88 12.9 200.5 14032 2.08 13.8 202.5 14120 2.04 13.6 204.5 14205 2.10 13.9 206.5 14289 2.13 14.0 208.5 14374 1.90 13.0 210.5 14458 2.09 13.9 212.5 14543 2.19 14.3 214.5 14628 2.17 14.2 216.5 14712 2.39 15.1 218.5 14797 2.12 14.0 220.5 14881 2.10 13.9 222.5 14966 2.07 13.8 224.5 15051 2.02 13.5 226.5 15135 1.95 13.2 228.5 15220 1.92 13.1 230.5 15304 1.87 12.8 232.5 15389 1.97 13.3 234.5 15474 1.88 12.9 236.5 15558 1.97 13.3 238.5 15643 1.73 12.1 240.5 15727 1.83 12.6 242.5 15812 2.05 13.7 244.5 15897 1.86 12.8 248.5 16066 2.23 14.5 250.5 16150 2.00 13.4 252.5 16235 1.89 12.9 254.5 16334 1.80 12.4 256.5 16432 1.86 12.8 258.5 16531 1.88 12.9 260.5 16629 2.09 13.9 262.5 16728 2.10 13.9 264.5 16826 1.80 12.5 266.5 16925 1.79 12.4 268.5 17024 1.76 12.3 270.5 17122 1.91 13.0 272.5 17221 1.90 12.9 274.5 17319 1.64 11.6 276.5 17418 1.38 10.0 278.5 17516 1.54 11.0 280.5 17615 1.52 10.9 282.5 17714 1.77 12.3 284.5 17812 1.74 12.1 288.5 18009 1.71 12.0 292.5 18206 1.58 11.3 296.5 18404 1.60 11.3 300.5 18601 1.65 11.6 304.5 18798 1.66 11.7 308.5 18995 1.69 11.9 312.5 19192 1.58 11.2 316.5 19389 1.77 12.3 320.5 19586 1.61 11.4 324.5 19783 1.60 11.4 328.5 19981 1.78 12.3 332.5 20178 1.49 10.7 338.5 20473 1.38 10.0 340.5 20572 1.44 10.4 342.5 20671 1.59 11.3 346.5 20868 1.49 10.7 350.5 21065 1.53 10.9 354.5 21262 1.65 11.7 2. Mg/Ca, all measured samples depth cal age Mg/Ca temperature (cm) (yr) mmol/mol degC 23.5 1360 2.09 14.0 23.5 1360 2.16 14.2 32.5 2741 1.89 13.4 32.5 2741 2.09 13.8 33.5 2895 2.15 14.2 33.5 2895 2.18 14.2 37.5 3508 2.40 14.8 37.5 3508 2.23 14.5 38.5 3662 2.13 14.3 38.5 3662 2.26 14.6 41.5 4122 1.91 13.8 41.5 4122 2.23 14.5 50.5 5374 2.20 13.9 50.5 5374 2.01 13.5 52.5 5594 2.42 14.8 52.5 5594 2.21 14.4 54.5 5814 1.97 13.1 54.5 5814 1.88 12.9 55.5 5925 1.89 13.3 55.5 5925 2.04 13.6 57.5 6145 2.28 13.9 57.5 6145 1.94 13.2 59.5 6365 1.78 13.4 59.5 6365 2.22 14.4 61.5 6586 1.96 13.6 61.5 6586 2.10 13.9 67.5 7247 1.97 12.9 67.5 7247 1.80 12.5 75.5 8129 1.65 12.5 75.5 8129 1.98 13.3 79.5 8462 2.39 14.6 79.5 8462 2.14 14.1 79.5 8462 2.25 14.6 81.5 8576 2.30 14.7 81.5 8576 2.29 14.7 81.5 8576 2.29 14.7 83.5 8689 2.37 14.4 83.5 8689 2.14 14.1 83.5 8689 2.15 14.1 85.5 8802 2.42 14.5 85.5 8802 2.03 13.6 85.5 8802 2.30 14.8 87.5 8916 2.40 14.6 87.5 8916 2.17 14.2 87.5 8916 2.23 14.5 89.5 9029 2.33 14.4 89.5 9029 2.25 14.6 89.5 9029 2.09 13.9 91.5 9142 2.29 14.5 91.5 9142 2.17 14.2 92.5 9199 2.24 14.6 92.5 9199 2.29 14.7 94.5 9312 2.12 13.2 94.5 9312 1.79 12.4 95.5 9369 2.27 14.1 95.5 9369 2.05 13.7 95.5 9369 2.14 14.1 100.5 9652 2.15 14.0 100.5 9652 2.11 13.9 101.5 9709 2.25 13.8 101.5 9709 1.90 13.0 103.5 9822 2.18 15.1 103.5 9822 2.61 15.9 105.5 9931 2.09 14.3 105.5 9931 2.28 14.7 107.5 10034 1.98 13.7 107.5 10034 2.14 14.1 109.5 10137 2.15 13.9 109.5 10137 2.04 13.7 111.5 10240 2.03 13.3 111.5 10240 1.91 13.0 115.5 10446 2.02 13.1 115.5 10446 1.82 12.6 117.5 10550 1.96 13.7 117.5 10550 2.14 14.1 125.5 10962 2.37 14.3 125.5 10962 2.02 13.5 127.5 11065 2.03 13.7 127.5 11065 2.08 13.8 129.5 11155 2.11 13.4 129.5 11155 1.88 12.9 131.5 11232 1.98 13.0 131.5 11232 1.84 12.7 133.5 11309 2.41 14.2 133.5 11309 1.94 13.2 135.5 11385 1.89 13.5 135.5 11385 2.13 14.0 137.5 11462 1.72 12.3 137.5 11462 1.81 12.5 138.5 11500 2.19 13.5 138.5 11500 1.86 12.8 139.5 11539 1.84 12.5 139.5 11539 1.77 12.3 141.5 11615 1.63 11.5 141.5 11615 1.61 11.4 142.5 11654 2.08 12.7 142.5 11654 1.64 11.6 170.5 12727 1.79 12.5 170.5 12727 1.83 12.6 174.5 12892 1.79 12.5 174.5 12892 1.81 12.5 204.5 14205 2.05 13.9 204.5 14205 2.15 14.1 214.5 14628 2.10 14.2 214.5 14628 2.15 14.1 214.5 14628 2.27 14.6 216.5 14712 2.49 15.1 216.5 14712 2.29 14.7 218.5 14797 2.09 14.0 218.5 14797 2.16 14.2 250.5 16150 1.89 13.4 250.5 16150 2.11 13.9 264.5 16826 1.75 12.5 264.5 16826 1.85 12.7 268.5 17024 1.73 12.3 268.5 17024 1.79 12.4 270.5 17122 1.90 13.0 270.5 17122 1.91 13.0 272.5 17221 1.73 12.9 272.5 17221 2.06 13.8 284.5 17812 1.73 12.1 284.5 17812 1.75 12.2 288.5 18009 1.69 12.0 288.5 18009 1.72 12.1 292.5 18206 1.57 11.3 292.5 18206 1.59 11.3 296.5 18404 1.55 11.3 296.5 18404 1.64 11.6 300.5 18601 1.64 11.6 300.5 18601 1.65 11.7 304.5 18798 1.64 11.7 304.5 18798 1.68 11.8 308.5 18995 1.67 11.9 308.5 18995 1.71 12.0 312.5 19192 1.57 11.2 312.5 19192 1.59 11.3 316.5 19389 1.76 12.3 316.5 19389 1.77 12.3 320.5 19586 1.61 11.4 320.5 19586 1.62 11.5 324.5 19783 1.59 11.4 324.5 19783 1.61 11.4 332.5 20178 1.50 10.7 332.5 20178 1.47 10.6 342.5 20671 1.56 11.3 342.5 20671 1.61 11.5 346.5 20868 1.44 10.7 346.5 20868 1.55 11.1 3. Size-normalized weights of N. pachyderma (right coiling) as a test for the influence of dissolution) (Figure 2c.) depth cal age dissdata (cm) (yr) 45.5 4736 3.62 47.5 5043 3.73 49.5 5263 3.61 51.5 5484 3.85 53.5 5704 3.23 55.5 5925 3.52 57.5 6145 3.60 59.5 6365 3.80 132.5 11270 4.41 134.5 11347 4.42 136.5 11424 4.06 138.5 11500 4.22 140.5 11577 4.09 142.5 11654 4.01 144.5 11730 3.90 146.5 11807 3.46 4. Percent Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (left coiling) (Figure 2d.) depth cal age NPS (cm) (yr) (%) 5.5 0 13.7 6.5 66 16.3 7.5 132 14.4 8.5 197 12.7 9.5 263 17.0 10.5 329 12.9 11.5 395 19.1 12.5 461 19.2 13.5 527 17.2 14.5 592 20.3 15.5 658 20.5 16.5 724 17.8 17.5 790 20.1 18.5 856 17.1 19.5 921 14.7 20.5 987 14.1 21.5 1053 16.8 22.5 1206 21.5 23.5 1360 22.3 24.5 1513 19.2 25.5 1667 16.3 26.5 1820 16.3 27.5 1974 16.5 28.5 2127 16.9 29.5 2281 13.2 30.5 2434 17.4 31.5 2588 20.4 33.5 2895 11.9 35.5 3201 11.0 37.5 3508 12.8 39.5 3815 8.8 41.5 4122 4.0 43.5 4429 9.6 45.5 4736 10.6 47.5 5043 3.9 49.5 5263 8.8 51.5 5484 6.2 53.5 5704 12.3 55.5 5925 6.6 57.5 6145 13.9 59.5 6365 3.4 61.5 6586 7.4 63.5 6806 12.8 65.5 7027 8.9 67.5 7247 12.3 69.5 7467 2.6 71.5 7688 1.2 73.5 7908 6.4 75.5 8129 8.9 77.5 8349 2.3 79.5 8462 5.4 81.5 8576 3.3 83.5 8689 5.3 85.5 8802 1.1 87.5 8916 3.1 89.5 9029 3.2 91.5 9142 3.3 93.5 9256 4.1 95.5 9369 2.6 97.5 9482 4.8 100.5 9652 4.1 102.5 9766 1.4 104.5 9879 3.6 106.5 9982 6.9 108.5 10085 5.1 110.5 10189 4.8 112.5 10292 1.8 114.5 10395 2.2 116.5 10498 5.6 118.5 10601 3.4 120.5 10704 2.2 122.5 10808 0.7 124.5 10911 4.0 126.5 11014 0.5 128.5 11117 0.7 130.5 11194 0.6 132.5 11270 1.7 134.5 11347 1.7 136.5 11424 3.0 138.5 11500 8.4 140.5 11577 2.9 142.5 11654 5.8 144.5 11730 7.8 146.5 11807 3.9 148.5 11884 2.0 150.5 11961 4.5 152.5 12037 2.7 154.5 12114 4.7 156.5 12191 0.0 158.5 12267 0.7 160.5 12344 5.1 162.5 12421 5.3 164.5 12497 3.1 166.5 12574 7.9 168.5 12651 5.6 170.5 12727 6.5 172.5 12804 3.9 174.5 12892 8.7 176.5 12979 6.0 178.5 13067 4.6 180.5 13155 0.7 182.5 13243 3.3 184.5 13330 6.4 186.5 13418 10.6 188.5 13506 9.9 190.5 13594 4.4 192.5 13681 0.6 194.5 13769 1.2 196.5 13857 0.6 198.5 13945 2.6 200.5 14032 1.3 202.5 14120 2.4 204.5 14205 1.3 206.5 14289 0.6 208.5 14374 0.7 210.5 14458 0.6 212.5 14543 0.0 214.5 14628 1.3 216.5 14712 1.8 218.5 14797 1.2 220.5 14881 0.0 222.5 14966 1.8 224.5 15051 3.4 226.5 15135 0.6 228.5 15220 3.1 230.5 15304 4.0 232.5 15389 6.0 234.5 15474 2.7 236.5 15558 7.9 238.5 15643 8.6 240.5 15727 7.8 242.5 15812 3.7 244.5 15897 3.4 248.5 16066 7.2 250.5 16150 3.8 252.5 16235 6.5 254.5 16334 11.9 256.5 16432 5.9 258.5 16531 13.3 260.5 16629 13.6 262.5 16728 16.4 264.5 16826 19.3 266.5 16925 13.8 268.5 17024 18.9 270.5 17122 23.9 272.5 17221 22.3 274.5 17319 12.6 276.5 17418 21.2 278.5 17516 15.9 280.5 17615 16.2 282.5 17714 22.2 284.5 17812 12.3 288.5 18009 15.7 292.5 18206 6.7 296.5 18404 12.5 300.5 18601 12.9 304.5 18798 10.1 308.5 18995 19.0 312.5 19192 8.3 316.5 19389 12.8 320.5 19586 10.5 324.5 19783 15.8 328.5 19981 15.4 332.5 20178 12.4 336.5 20375 10.8 338.5 20473 8.5 340.5 20572 19.8 342.5 20671 9.2 346.5 20868 15.7 350.5 21065 10.0 354.5 21262 28.0