# Gulf of Alaska, Northeast Pacific Geochemistry and Radiogenic Isotope Data from Leaching Experiments #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/ # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/by_contributor/du2016/du2016.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Archive: Paleoceanography # # Parameter_Keywords: geochemistry, radiogenic isotopes #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2017-06-22 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2017-06-22 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Gulf of Alaska, Northeast Pacific Geochemistry and Radiogenic Isotope Data from Leaching Experiments #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Du, Jianghui; Haley, Brian A.; Mix, Alan C. #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: In this study we teste various leaching methods to extract authigenic iron manganese oxyhydroxides for neodymium isotope analysis from sediments in the Gulf of Alaska while avoiding contamination from lithogenic sedimenet components during chemical extractions. Method HH4 as described in the "Data" section is the final method of choice. This method was tested on a suite of core-top, down-core and marine ash layer samples from the Gulf of Alaska, as well as land fall volcanic ash samples from Mt St. Helens. We analyzed neodymium and strontium isotopes, major and trace elements, including the Rare Earth Elements, in the leachates and these data are reported here. Measurement precision- epsilon Nd: 0.37; 87Sr/86Sr: .000049; Aluminum,Barium,Calcium,Strontium,Iron,Manganese,Cobalt,Copper,Nickel,Zinc,Potassium,Magnesium,Vanadium,Chromium,Scandium, and Uranium: 5-10%; Yttrium,Lanthanum,Cerium,Praseodym,Neodymium,Samarium,Europium,Gadolinium,Terbium,Dysprosium,Holmium,Erbium,Thulium,Ytterbium,Lutetium: 5% # Provided Keywords: neodymium isotopes, authigenic phase, Gulf of Alaska, North Pacific, core-top #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Du, Jianghui, Brian A. Haley, and Alan C. Mix # Published_Date_or_Year: 2016 # Published_Title: Neodymium isotopes in authigenic phases, bottom waters and detrital sediments in the Gulf of Alaska and their implications for paleo-circulation reconstruction # Journal_Name: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta # Volume: 193 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 14-35 # Report Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2016.08.005 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The isotopic composition of neodymium (eNd) extracted from sedimentary Fe–Mn oxyhydroxide offers potential for reconstructing paleo-circulation, but its application depends on extraction methodology and the mechanisms that relate authigenic eNd to bottom water. Here we test methods to extract authigenic eNd from Gulf of Alaska (GOA) sediments and assess sources of leachate Nd, including potential contamination from trace dispersed volcanic ash. We show that one dominant phase is extracted via leaching of core-top sediments. Major and trace element geochemistry demonstrate that this phase is authigenic Fe–Mn oxyhydroxide. Contamination of leachate (authigenic) Nd from detrital sources is insignificant (<1%); our empirical results are consistent with established kinetic mineral dissolution rates and theory. Contamination of extracted eNd from leaching of volcanic ash is below analytical uncertainty. However, the eNd of core-top leachates in the GOA is consistently more radiogenic than bottom water. We infer that authigenic phases record pore water eNd, and the relationships of eNd among bottom waters, pore waters, authigenic phases and detrital sediments are primarily governed by the exposure time of bottom water to sea-floor sediments, rate of exchange across the sediment-water interface and the reactivity and composition of detrital sediments. We show that this conceptual model is applicable on the Pacific basin scale and provide a new framework to understand the role of authigenic phases in both modern and paleo-applications, including the use of authigenic eNd as a paleo-circulation tracer. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation # Grant: 1357529 #--------------------------------------- # Site Information # Site_Name: Gulf of Alaska and Northeast Pacific # Location: North Pacific Ocean # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 60.66 # Southernmost_Latitude: 46.30 # Easternmost_Longitude: -117.43 # Westernmost_Longitude: -153.95 # Elevation: #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Gulf of Alaska Du2016 # First_Year: # Last_Year: # Time_Unit: # Core_Length: # Notes: The samples reported here were not dated. These samples are mostly core-top samples, with a few late glacial samples and a few marine volcanic ash layers of unknown ages. The multicore core-tops are real sediment-water interface samples and presumabaly modern. The piston and gravity core-tops are of unknow age. The land fall volcanic ash samples were collected after the 1980 Mt St. Helens eruption. #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab- 10 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data,additional info ## sample sample name,,,,,,,,C,Most of the samples are from sediment cores in the Gulf of Alaska, but 4 of them are volcanic ash samples collected on land in 4 cities of the Washington State, US after the 1980 Mt St. Helens eruption. ## sample_type sample type,,,,,,,,C,Marine sediment samples were collected using piston core, gravity core or multicore. Landfall volcanic ash samples were collected by hand. ## sect_top_cm section top depth,,,cm,,,,,N,For multicores the zero depth starts from the sediment water interface, for the other type of cores it starts from the begining of the actually retrieved sediments ## sect_bot_cm section bottom depth,,,cm,,,,,N,For multicores the zero depth starts from the sediment water interface, for the other type of cores it starts from the begining of the actually retrieved sediments ## Latitude Latitude,,,degree north,,,,,N,South negative ## Longitude Longitude,,,degree east,,,,,N,West negative ## Water_depth_m Water depth,,,m,,,,,N,Positive below seafloor ## Experiment_code Experiment code,,,,,,,,C,Samples were freezed dried first and rinsed with ultrapure water three times before being leached using an acetic acid (abbreviated as AA) reagent or a hydroxylamine hydrochloride (abbreviated as HH) reagent. The AA reagent stock was made of 3.33 M AA buffered by Na-acetate to pH˜4. The HH reagent stock was made of 0.053 M HH in 2.62 M AA and buffered to pH˜4 by NaOH. In these leaching experiments, reagent concentration and leaching duration were varied. In experiments AA1 to AA3, the reagent concentration was fixed at 10% v/v of the stock but the leaching duration increased from 3 to 6 and 18 hour. In experiments HH1 to HH6, the leaching duration was fixed at 0.5 hour but the reagent concenetration increased from 5% to 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% v/v of the stock. In experiments HH7-HH11, the reagent concentration was fixed at 50% v/v of the stock but the leaching duration increased from 1 to 3, 6, 24 and 48 hours. Details see Du, Jianghui, Brian A. Haley, and Alan C. Mix. "Neodymium isotopes in authigenic phases, bottom waters and detrital sediments in the Gulf of Alaska and their implications for paleo-circulation reconstruction." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 193 (2016): 14-35. HH4 is the final choice. ## Dry_weight_g Weight,freeze dried sample,,g,,,,,N,We aim to use 1 g freeze dried samples for leaching, real weights varied slightly. ## Reagent_volume_ml Volume,diluted reagent,,ml,,,,,N,The volume of the reagent was determined such that the solution vs. solid ratio was approximately 8ml vs. 1 g. ## eNd epsilon Neodymium,Leachate,,e,,Paleoceanography,,MC-ICP-MS,N,eNd=((143Nd/144Nd)sample/(143Nd/144Nd)CHUR-1)*1E4, CHUR=Chondritic Uniform Reservoir, and its 143Nd/144Nd today is 0.512638 (normalized to 146Nd/144Nd = 0.72191). The 2 sigma external precision was calculated by running an in house standard repeadedly. ## 87Sr/86Sr 87Sr/86Sr,Leachate,,,,Paleoceanography,,MC-ICP-MS,N,The 2 sigma external precision was calculated by running an in house standard repeadedly. ## Al_ng/g Aluminum,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of Al leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-OES,N, ## Ba_ng/g Barium,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of Ba leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-OES,N, ## Ca_ng/g Calcium,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of Ca leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-OES,N, ## Sr_ng/g Strontium,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of Sr leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-OES,N, ## Fe_ng/g Iron,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of Fe leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-OES,N, ## Mn_ng/g Manganese,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of Mn leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-OES,N, ## Co_ng/g Cobalt,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of Co leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-OES,N, ## Cu_ng/g Copper,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of Cu leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-OES,N, ## Ni_ng/g Nickel,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of Ni leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-OES,N, ## Zn_ng/g Zinc,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of Zi leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-OES,N, ## K_ng/g Potassium,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of K leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-OES,N, ## Mg_ng/g Magnesium,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of Mg leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-OES,N, ## V_ng/g Vanadium,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of V leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-OES,N, ## Cr_ng/g Chromium,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of Cr leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-MS,N, ## Sc_ng/g Scandium,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of Sc leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-MS,N, ## U (ng/ml) Uranium,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of U leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-MS,N, ## Y_ng/g Yttrium,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of Y leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-MS,N, ## La_ng/g Lanthanum,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of La leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-MS,N, ## Ce_ng/g Cerium,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of Ce leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-MS,N, ## Pr_ng/g Praseodym,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of Pr leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-MS,N, ## Nd_ng/g Neodymium,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of Nd leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-MS,N, ## Sm_ng/g Samarium,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of Sm leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-MS,N, ## Eu_ng/g Europium,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of Eu leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-MS,N, ## Gd_ng/g Gadolinium,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of Gd leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-MS,N, ## Tb_ng/g Terbium,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of Tb leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-MS,N, ## Dy_ng/g Dysprosium,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of Dy leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-MS,N, ## Ho_ng/g Holmium,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of Ho leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-MS,N, ## Er_ng/g Erbium,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of Er leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-MS,N, ## Tm_ng/g Thulium,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of Tm leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-MS,N, ## Yb_ng/g Ytterbium,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of Yb leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-MS,N, ## Lu_ng/g Lutetium,Leachate,,ng/g,,Paleoceanography,reported as ng of Lu leachated from 1 g freeze dried sample,ICP-MS,N, #------------------------ # Data # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Value: NA sample Sample_type sect_top_cm sect_bot_cm Latitude Longitude Water_depth_m Experiment_code Dry_weight_g Reagent_volume_ml eNd 87Sr/86Sr Al_ng/g Ba_ng/g Ca_ng/g Sr_ng/g Fe_ng/g Mn_ng/g Co_ng/g Cu_ng/g Ni_ng/g Zn_ng/g K_ng/g Mg_ng/g V_ng/g Cr_ng/g Sc_ng/g U (ng/ml) Y_ng/g La_ng/g Ce_ng/g Pr_ng/g Nd_ng/g Sm_ng/g Eu_ng/g Gd_ng/g Tb_ng/g Dy_ng/g Ho_ng/g Er_ng/g Tm_ng/g Yb_ng/g Lu_ng/g EW0408-66JC Piston core ash bearing sample 857.5 859.5 57.87 -137.10 426 AA1 1.01 8 0.69 0.708136 31232 2243 9021959 31333 168551 60801 419 2263 764 3128 124561 429778 225 110 101 97 656 338 589 80 366 NA 32 106 16 103 20 55 8 48 9 EW0408-85JC Piston core late glacial sample 1115 1119 59.56 -144.15 682 AA1 1.01 8 0.35 0.707596 40262 6502 9933853 33351 90721 83220 344 5000 736 2262 204211 673099 208 103 95 289 761 352 613 83 392 103 36 121 18 117 23 66 9 55 10 EW0408-87JC Piston core late glacial sample 1458.5 1463 58.77 -144.50 3680 AA1 1.012 8 -0.40 0.707488 31527 4839 8933334 29536 59285 81936 473 5201 770 2636 194178 730498 163 99 105 34 627 263 423 63 305 83 29 99 15 97 19 53 7 45 8 EW0408-84MC7 Multicore core-top sample 3 7 59.53 -144.13 686 AA1 1.008 8 -0.89 0.708566 39192 7764 5708450 20568 26998 33604 790 1869 939 1307 259322 719201 229 145 NA 110 339 163 283 42 205 52 17 60 8 49 10 26 3 20 4 EW0408-88MC5 Multicore core-top sample 0 4 58.77 -144.50 3686 AA1 1.007 8 -0.77 0.709201 25851 10521 683581 10588 NA 31577 177 1689 755 1911 281977 773496 NA 65 NA 60 123 55 45 16 85 22 7 25 3 18 3 9 1 7 1 EW0408-66JC Piston core ash bearing sample 857.5 859.5 57.87 -137.10 426 AA2 1.01 8 1.22 0.708110 21721 1310 5822752 18905 143319 43015 485 1680 558 1233 85618 353955 171 93 69 64 417 209 368 50 228 59 19 67 10 63 13 36 5 30 6 EW0408-85JC Piston core late glacial sample 1115 1119 59.56 -144.15 682 AA2 1.01 8 0.43 0.707529 40951 5331 8861096 28516 102068 77517 444 5222 735 2277 196958 638391 188 112 89 261 720 327 572 77 367 97 34 112 17 111 22 62 8 53 10 EW0408-87JC Piston core late glacial sample 1458.5 1463 58.77 -144.50 3680 AA2 1.012 8 -0.07 0.707433 36159 5205 8817176 27624 81863 81888 558 5778 809 2652 189667 701601 186 113 110 34 620 260 424 63 302 82 29 99 15 96 19 53 7 44 8 EW0408-84MC7 Multicore core-top sample 3 7 59.53 -144.13 686 AA2 1.008 8 -0.71 0.708559 40650 8767 6459763 22966 33222 39433 997 2121 1169 1532 286980 831204 185 203 NA 128 407 193 337 49 243 62 20 72 10 59 12 32 4 24 4 EW0408-88MC5 Multicore core-top sample 0 4 58.77 -144.50 3686 AA2 1.007 8 -0.85 0.709136 28871 11747 728425 10940 NA 41294 147 1946 904 1755 287789 810156 NA 80 NA 62 134 60 49 18 91 23 8 27 3 20 4 10 1 8 1 EW0408-66JC Piston core ash bearing sample 857.5 859.5 57.87 -137.10 426 AA3 1.01 8 1.31 0.708120 NA 1509 7269155 23518 206589 54721 357 934 784 2291 102560 527168 NA 153 94 84 535 269 473 64 292 NA 25 86 14 85 16 46 6 38 7 EW0408-85JC Piston core late glacial sample 1115 1119 59.56 -144.15 682 AA3 1.01 8 0.56 0.707615 NA 2176 9101529 29139 120242 79093 456 2881 1147 3012 221809 751761 NA 174 113 323 821 364 630 86 409 NA 37 127 20 129 25 71 9 59 11 EW0408-87JC Piston core late glacial sample 1458.5 1463 58.77 -144.50 3680 AA3 1.012 8 0.16 0.707541 NA 2651 9213759 29837 90325 89654 677 3183 1393 3578 242575 916452 NA 196 134 46 734 299 476 72 344 NA 33 115 18 116 22 63 8 52 10 EW0408-84MC7 Multicore core-top sample 3 7 59.53 -144.13 686 AA3 1.008 8 -0.71 0.708587 40753 2114 5471218 19074 32846 34116 721 967 1304 1794 313353 810095 NA 261 NA 135 382 175 308 45 219 NA 18 66 9 56 11 29 4 22 4 EW0408-88MC5 Multicore core-top sample 0 4 58.77 -144.50 3686 AA3 1.007 8 -0.67 0.709097 NA 2396 770636 10876 NA 49468 NA 1039 1186 1860 345722 878106 NA 135 NA 67 178 74 65 21 107 NA 8 32 4 25 5 12 2 9 2 EW0408-66JC Piston core ash bearing sample 857.5 859.5 57.87 -137.10 426 HH1 1.01 8 0.79 0.708238 19954 1651 8173792 26045 51786 52016 NA 296 501 1134 112338 238411 604 29 29 53 329 175 293 40 187 47 16 55 8 48 9 26 3 21 4 EW0408-85JC Piston core late glacial sample 1115 1119 59.56 -144.15 682 HH1 1.01 8 -0.10 0.707679 21856 4284 8754921 27359 NA 66975 NA 666 353 1219 191364 441576 736 27 25 150 355 171 285 39 189 49 17 57 8 51 10 27 4 23 4 EW0408-87JC Piston core late glacial sample 1458.5 1463 58.77 -144.50 3680 HH1 1.012 8 -0.34 0.707605 19336 4093 8145992 24705 NA 68771 NA 1040 394 1881 159027 480169 598 51 31 14 273 119 185 27 133 35 13 43 6 39 8 21 3 17 3 EW0408-84MC7 Multicore core-top sample 3 7 59.53 -144.13 686 HH1 1.008 8 -0.76 0.708692 20069 5925 5412714 18226 NA 30154 501 387 578 1064 235937 561910 646 31 NA 45 134 70 117 17 84 21 7 24 3 19 4 10 1 8 1 EW0408-88MC5 Multicore core-top sample 0 4 58.77 -144.50 3686 HH1 1.007 8 -0.45 0.709320 11185 9652 423039 8209 NA 541307 NA 1279 2035 2634 252288 577254 NA 9 NA 24 48 22 27 6 33 8 3 9 1 7 1 4 NA 3 NA EW0408-66JC Piston core ash bearing sample 857.5 859.5 57.87 -137.10 426 HH2 1.01 8 0.75 0.708102 27773 1972 8530153 27264 86944 57559 507 687 556 1299 126768 242764 597 47 59 71 476 252 445 60 276 70 24 80 12 76 15 41 5 35 6 EW0408-85JC Piston core late glacial sample 1115 1119 59.56 -144.15 682 HH2 1.01 8 -0.16 0.707547 42755 5314 8891468 28207 68500 71446 NA 1846 458 1903 229641 481921 977 57 65 236 623 293 520 72 339 89 31 101 15 99 19 53 7 46 8 EW0408-87JC Piston core late glacial sample 1458.5 1463 58.77 -144.50 3680 HH2 1.012 8 -0.23 0.707423 40011 5696 8340452 25842 66784 72516 NA 2046 455 2465 208599 519204 750 50 80 22 499 217 363 54 256 70 25 81 12 79 15 43 6 37 7 EW0408-84MC7 Multicore core-top sample 3 7 59.53 -144.13 686 HH2 1.008 8 -1.06 0.708525 42447 6517 5525241 18348 NA 31998 539 848 625 1397 277797 547425 878 59 17 81 254 124 220 32 157 40 13 44 6 38 7 20 3 16 3 EW0408-88MC5 Multicore core-top sample 0 4 58.77 -144.50 3686 HH2 1.007 8 -0.90 0.709224 29481 16851 493300 10809 NA 1390519 763 4479 4718 4690 337884 682015 NA 17 18 69 134 62 82 19 98 27 9 29 4 23 4 11 1 9 2 EW0408-66JC Piston core ash bearing sample 857.5 859.5 57.87 -137.10 426 HH3 1.01 8 0.90 0.708077 43721 NA 8821625 28790 162346 65630 575 1578 745 1714 213033 331016 978 123 121 130 747 393 696 94 426 109 36 121 19 119 23 66 9 55 10 EW0408-85JC Piston core late glacial sample 1115 1119 59.56 -144.15 682 HH3 1.01 8 0.39 0.707554 67204 6155 9233661 30303 162630 74757 NA 3320 956 2969 286603 539306 1237 140 153 291 1000 483 862 116 536 138 48 155 25 158 31 88 12 75 13 EW0408-87JC Piston core late glacial sample 1458.5 1463 58.77 -144.50 3680 HH3 1.012 8 -0.15 0.707464 60252 6022 8453034 26863 170400 74410 NA 3540 927 3555 255515 544668 918 127 185 29 828 369 623 92 424 115 40 130 20 132 26 74 10 62 11 EW0408-84MC7 Multicore core-top sample 3 7 59.53 -144.13 686 HH3 1.008 8 -0.63 0.708566 80742 8300 5506492 19872 68575 30703 805 1382 1181 2284 338641 609220 1485 172 29 125 504 239 433 61 298 78 25 85 12 76 15 41 5 32 6 EW0408-88MC5 Multicore core-top sample 0 4 58.77 -144.50 3686 HH3 1.007 8 -1.54 0.709234 63689 33782 562499 13412 271184 2615346 2465 9265 10126 7159 415775 776784 352 65 35 94 410 207 327 61 304 83 26 89 12 75 14 37 5 31 5 EW0408-66JC Piston core ash bearing sample 857.5 859.5 57.87 -137.10 426 HH4 1.01 8 0.95 0.708078 53689 NA 8068240 26463 208403 60139 464 1768 707 1676 209647 294948 979 183 156 124 775 418 753 102 452 116 38 127 20 129 25 70 9 61 11 EW0408-85JC Piston core late glacial sample 1115 1119 59.56 -144.15 682 HH4 1.01 8 0.27 0.707583 86474 7576 9577632 31685 220138 72186 NA 3908 981 3333 302617 541684 1361 149 211 298 1118 550 992 134 605 157 52 173 28 179 35 100 14 85 15 EW0408-87JC Piston core late glacial sample 1458.5 1463 58.77 -144.50 3680 HH4 1.012 8 -0.07 0.707470 75108 7388 8556257 27277 227339 71195 NA 4135 960 3700 259440 545775 944 142 259 30 949 437 742 109 496 132 45 148 24 155 30 86 11 74 13 EW0408-84MC7 Multicore core-top sample 3 7 59.53 -144.13 686 HH4 1.008 8 -0.81 0.708584 104645 9950 5850502 21205 102490 30471 704 2070 1223 2570 403355 631177 1631 205 37 144 634 308 557 78 375 97 31 107 16 99 19 53 7 42 7 EW0408-88MC5 Multicore core-top sample 0 4 58.77 -144.50 3686 HH4 1.007 8 -1.49 0.709273 66779 35330 436595 11210 311946 2196574 2172 8397 8535 6238 362476 594786 2401 68 36 77 455 246 415 71 349 94 29 98 14 86 16 43 5 35 6 EW0408-66JC Piston core ash bearing sample 857.5 859.5 57.87 -137.10 426 HH5 1.01 8 0.85 0.708135 61650 3476 8242891 27334 266565 65659 643 2223 883 1854 257296 310199 1048 185 170 131 859 461 838 112 502 128 41 138 22 142 27 78 10 66 12 EW0408-85JC Piston core late glacial sample 1115 1119 59.56 -144.15 682 HH5 1.01 8 0.24 0.707621 98843 6515 9362183 31124 248081 70335 NA 4454 1004 3264 332133 540153 1437 160 243 307 1180 583 1056 142 634 163 54 180 29 188 37 106 14 90 16 EW0408-87JC Piston core late glacial sample 1458.5 1463 58.77 -144.50 3680 HH5 1.012 8 -0.48 0.707493 81231 6531 8593779 27151 252009 67177 NA 4246 911 3577 282389 525406 889 148 304 30 978 457 777 114 512 136 47 151 25 160 31 89 12 75 14 EW0408-84MC7 Multicore core-top sample 3 7 59.53 -144.13 686 HH5 1.008 8 -0.70 0.708623 123603 10077 5727545 20908 116719 26561 709 2348 1215 2604 394788 610009 1659 217 38 142 689 336 612 85 406 104 33 115 17 107 21 58 7 45 8 EW0408-88MC5 Multicore core-top sample 0 4 58.77 -144.50 3686 HH5 1.007 8 -1.42 0.709357 104257 57806 561111 15502 481060 2937556 3232 12173 11260 8362 469442 798277 3377 102 49 91 697 395 660 111 538 141 42 149 22 132 25 67 8 55 9 EW0408-66JC Piston core ash bearing sample 857.5 859.5 57.87 -137.10 426 HH6 1.01 8 0.97 0.708168 50169 2684 6776940 24436 262144 47253 556 2604 675 1725 154739 193621 701 124 172 85 674 373 678 89 392 98 32 108 17 110 21 60 8 54 9 EW0408-85JC Piston core late glacial sample 1115 1119 59.56 -144.15 682 HH6 1.01 8 0.33 0.707589 94759 7952 8401862 28803 257116 69991 368 8589 769 3050 337036 460303 1236 146 233 322 1102 549 1001 133 598 153 51 172 27 177 35 99 13 85 15 EW0408-87JC Piston core late glacial sample 1458.5 1463 58.77 -144.50 3680 HH6 1.012 8 0.34 0.707457 83031 9068 7893138 26526 274293 72720 413 9321 744 3515 310371 472859 852 141 317 34 1003 470 810 117 531 140 47 158 25 164 32 91 12 79 14 EW0408-84MC7 Multicore core-top sample 3 7 59.53 -144.13 686 HH6 1.008 8 -0.54 0.708599 130314 13888 5329268 20567 135278 32797 861 5233 1044 2494 415329 532279 1420 210 46 159 721 359 657 89 424 107 34 121 18 113 22 60 8 47 9 EW0408-88MC5 Multicore core-top sample 0 4 58.77 -144.50 3686 HH6 1.007 8 -1.23 0.709397 108713 80224 567472 16387 481319 2903548 3080 24145 10327 7979 516216 727567 3177 96 79 123 769 447 750 122 586 151 48 165 24 146 27 73 9 58 10 EW0408-66JC Piston core ash bearing sample 857.5 859.5 57.87 -137.10 426 HH7 1.01 8 1.16 0.708127 62072 3241 7860326 27184 418778 55853 609 3318 814 1903 210992 262064 968 167 201 106 790 438 795 104 460 116 38 127 20 128 25 71 10 62 11 EW0408-85JC Piston core late glacial sample 1115 1119 59.56 -144.15 682 HH7 1.01 8 0.26 0.707600 107119 6877 8664137 30506 344299 74928 571 10067 947 3729 368809 545501 1581 191 280 376 1190 598 1086 145 647 165 55 190 30 192 38 107 15 94 17 EW0408-87JC Piston core late glacial sample 1458.5 1463 58.77 -144.50 3680 HH7 1.012 8 0.39 0.707427 87748 8756 7750741 26100 343831 72588 548 10035 866 4150 321274 490646 954 172 323 36 995 471 812 117 527 140 47 158 25 164 32 91 12 79 14 EW0408-84MC7 Multicore core-top sample 3 7 59.53 -144.13 686 HH7 1.008 8 -0.42 0.708596 135516 14508 5382445 20297 182900 33979 907 5363 1047 2823 430909 558648 1555 251 56 166 724 362 660 90 429 108 35 121 18 114 22 62 8 49 9 EW0408-88MC5 Multicore core-top sample 0 4 58.77 -144.50 3686 HH7 1.007 8 -1.11 0.709371 115857 73099 607723 15916 518333 2904192 3026 23855 9955 7815 528929 751966 3156 114 77 123 784 456 775 125 597 154 49 168 24 146 27 73 9 60 10 EW0408-66JC Piston core ash bearing sample 857.5 859.5 57.87 -137.10 426 HH8 1.01 8 0.99 0.708009 69395 3636 7916078 28178 696018 57235 740 3447 934 2207 231937 341551 1198 251 241 105 840 461 840 111 487 123 40 134 22 138 27 76 11 68 12 EW0408-85JC Piston core late glacial sample 1115 1119 59.56 -144.15 682 HH8 1.01 8 0.75 0.707485 119875 8841 8601740 30867 558126 77961 719 11440 1272 4675 389023 600109 1884 294 312 380 1260 634 1157 154 693 177 59 199 32 206 40 115 16 100 18 EW0408-87JC Piston core late glacial sample 1458.5 1463 58.77 -144.50 3680 HH8 1.012 8 0.55 0.707331 98211 10370 7758099 27169 558560 78187 782 11779 1238 5597 346230 578725 1175 277 371 38 1084 517 892 127 582 152 51 172 28 180 35 100 14 86 15 EW0408-84MC7 Multicore core-top sample 3 7 59.53 -144.13 686 HH8 1.008 8 -0.40 0.708492 147401 15985 5366636 21349 319751 35823 931 5552 1334 3584 459051 613245 1752 371 69 182 794 403 734 100 472 120 39 134 20 126 25 68 9 55 10 EW0408-88MC5 Multicore core-top sample 0 4 58.77 -144.50 3686 HH8 1.007 8 -1.37 0.709287 121469 76458 665332 16600 607290 2868908 3130 24209 10329 8839 525406 803142 3318 161 69 131 837 500 866 136 651 168 52 181 26 158 29 81 10 64 11 EW0408-84MC7 Multicore core-top sample 3 7 59.53 -144.13 686 HH9 1.008 8 -0.70 0.708572 129164 NA 5865863 20895 409535 38593 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 466 89 162 1015 466 853 114 532 140 45 156 24 153 30 82 12 70 11 EW0408-88MC5 Multicore core-top sample 0 4 58.77 -144.50 3686 HH9 1.007 8 -1.50 0.709280 86755 NA 799309 15482 666559 2717963 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 227 161 116 942 537 910 146 691 183 56 195 29 179 33 88 11 67 12 EW0408-84MC7 Multicore core-top sample 3 7 59.53 -144.13 686 HH10 1.008 8 -0.28 0.708647 153775 NA 5864482 21117 674018 43652 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 693 154 172 999 495 891 122 566 145 47 161 25 159 31 84 11 69 12 EW0408-88MC5 Multicore core-top sample 0 4 58.77 -144.50 3686 HH10 1.007 8 -1.61 0.709365 112575 NA 916247 15939 982540 2790744 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 382 172 126 1074 624 1077 168 793 207 62 219 33 203 38 100 13 78 14 EW0408-84MC7 Multicore core-top sample 3 7 59.53 -144.13 686 HH11 1.008 8 -0.73 0.708581 176979 NA 5825584 21075 830624 44828 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 853 141 179 1048 523 937 127 594 155 49 170 26 168 33 89 12 71 12 EW0408-88MC5 Multicore core-top sample 0 4 58.77 -144.50 3686 HH11 1.007 8 -1.44 0.709273 130680 NA 972560 16285 1176354 2795508 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 479 162 129 1128 666 1165 180 839 217 66 231 35 213 39 106 13 83 14 EW0408-03MC2 Multicore core-top sample 3 4 54.82 -133.28 193 HH4 1.045 8 0.37 0.708987 75286 NA 18391903 75130 NA 40641 607 NA 1916 4144 451798 666490 931 169 30 489 816 562 976 133 629 151 42 162 22 128 23 60 7 40 7 EW0408-101MC8 Multicore core-top sample 2 3 60.15 -145.66 125 HH4 1.031 8 -0.21 0.708390 132335 NA 10307316 28462 226028 90465 1423 5676 1407 2388 334490 774070 1663 129 93 101 690 392 790 95 426 107 34 117 18 111 21 59 8 49 9 EW0408-15MC8 Multicore core-top sample 3 5 55.59 -134.68 268 HH4 1.034 8 -0.26 0.708944 63960 NA 23331399 70758 NA 23657 NA NA 756 1615 210476 262194 NA 159 36 301 634 375 614 90 409 97 28 103 15 95 18 49 6 37 6 EW0408-25MC4 Multicore core-top sample 0 1 56.96 -136.43 1623 HH4 1.002 8 -0.59 0.708921 39703 NA 6969073 26315 35023 52410 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 105 31 172 448 205 378 49 238 62 21 71 10 61 12 32 4 22 4 EW0408-39MC2 Multicore core-top sample 2.5 3.5 57.01 -135.49 205 HH4 0.997 8 0.97 0.709051 70188 NA 34922980 171024 NA 19498 NA NA 2551 4984 424726 858522 725 218 53 422 631 469 600 97 466 106 29 115 15 91 17 43 5 27 5 EW0408-68MC8 Multicore core-top sample 3 4 59.39 -140.00 192 HH4 1.034 8 -1.54 0.708842 87937 NA 20345011 59429 71091 41121 NA 1016 862 1587 265493 390268 583 95 41 213 883 544 992 125 551 132 41 145 22 138 27 77 10 61 11 EW0408-78MC8 Multicore core-top sample 3.5 4.5 59.55 -141.69 148 HH4 1.011 8 -0.47 0.708875 117466 NA 8242867 25690 156935 50310 1177 5423 739 2241 327969 482436 1216 115 64 87 620 326 601 78 362 91 29 101 15 97 19 54 7 45 8 EW0408-81MC8 Multicore core-top sample 4 5 59.94 -143.73 166 HH4 1.077 8 -0.24 0.707567 87502 NA 3783039 13987 201971 43635 1218 3855 610 2113 251605 369163 1109 72 63 43 379 179 361 45 220 58 19 66 10 61 11 32 4 25 5 EW0408-91MC8 Multicore core-top sample 4 5 59.65 -145.15 198 HH4 1.016 8 0.81 0.707285 82273 NA 3549173 14033 181580 46144 1230 3594 693 2276 218284 358328 1091 72 57 67 429 198 412 52 250 66 22 75 11 70 13 36 5 29 5 EW0408-94MC8 Multicore core-top sample 3 5 60.66 -147.71 744 HH4 1.02 8 -1.31 0.708417 92465 6931 3504883 19764 397408 2399920 3493 8921 1249 2309 378585 1048346 7068 108 62 99 560 334 642 81 379 94 30 104 15 92 18 47 6 35 6 EW0408-97MC8 Multicore core-top sample 2.5 4.5 60.56 -146.77 401 HH4 1.001 8 -0.10 0.708408 103603 NA 9793341 27088 249398 91779 1441 4450 2849 6953 289401 638281 1588 108 96 80 565 316 656 77 352 87 29 98 15 93 18 50 7 41 7 SUSP5-009 Gravity core core-top sample 0 1 58.60 -150.65 200 HH4 1.003 8 -0.22 0.709050 98651 NA 59080961 316187 92118 56783 645 NA 1085 1241 219557 933735 2079 592 104 456 930 567 662 117 541 120 34 132 20 127 25 69 9 53 9 SUSP5-015 Gravity core core-top sample 0 1 55.69 -153.95 1590 HH4 1.009 8 0.25 0.708471 82296 NA 4359924 20066 NA 34045 NA NA 609 1580 264539 615009 1923 263 49 231 733 353 605 89 421 110 34 126 19 117 22 61 8 47 8 TT053-007 Gravity core core-top sample 0 1 54.85 -137.89 3139 HH4 0.806 6.4 -1.16 0.709032 102943 154416 7210467 38505 539898 1844204 4719 22034 27492 12571 424335 643694 2287 317 117 55 1601 1161 1886 321 1510 380 111 395 58 347 62 165 22 134 23 Y70-2-40 Gravity core core-top sample 0 1 56.50 -143.88 3827 HH4 0.823 6.4 -1.29 0.709075 124802 29181 8103469 39770 161713 295620 NA 6367 2752 9121 458929 1083599 1151 298 76 333 1145 660 1036 173 821 213 62 233 34 205 38 102 13 82 15 Y70-4-56 Gravity core core-top sample 0 1 53.02 -141.69 3805 HH4 0.856 6.8 -1.01 0.709184 140647 76462 29801361 130118 100541 1487713 6222 12857 10288 5457 502131 790517 5148 76 97 41 1673 1246 3011 308 1377 329 93 347 52 325 61 169 23 143 24 Y70-4-59 Gravity core core-top sample 0 1 50.39 -139.26 3774 HH4 1.001 8 -1.05 0.709074 117873 44000 9317737 48064 126698 798330 4617 6939 8269 3477 521654 745824 838 60 51 116 1403 895 1530 244 1149 287 78 299 44 267 50 136 18 112 19 Y70-4-60 Gravity core core-top sample 0 1 51.63 -139.20 3707 HH4 1.027 8 1.38 0.708860 73655 14754 2249991 11899 NA 120571 NA 1587 935 786 484797 690478 NA 70 52 258 1006 491 1008 140 692 186 57 202 30 183 34 94 12 74 14 Y70-4-61 Gravity core core-top sample 0 1 51.15 -136.25 3575 HH4 0.973 8 -1.82 0.709280 141179 122385 707518 24029 920904 2057982 14374 23861 41754 18197 607455 1134939 3023 189 167 98 1527 1261 2003 423 2051 556 147 532 73 410 69 174 21 132 22 Y70-5-62 Gravity core core-top sample 0 1 50.50 -132.71 3164 HH4 0.936 8 0.98 0.709107 61821 4655 4259585 16023 100628 17859 NA NA 564 3249 208626 147724 701 149 57 140 475 264 499 66 298 75 21 81 12 77 15 40 5 32 6 Y70-5-63 Gravity core core-top sample 0 1 50.47 -132.80 3662 HH4 0.942 8 -1.41 0.709253 113854 82326 12996833 61456 NA 217510 2039 1689 5243 3503 610241 1003801 2719 175 32 508 1857 1311 2530 364 1748 436 116 452 64 375 68 180 23 137 24 EW0408-26JC Piston core marine volcanic glass layer sample 70.5 71.5 56.96 -136.43 1623 HH4 1.012 8 2.39 0.708289 26571 6895 4406559 15342 148715 30166 NA 610 667 1685 149327 229889 980 163 77 72 486 265 495 68 308 79 24 83 13 82 16 43 6 37 7 EW0408-26JC Piston core marine volcanic glass layer sample 84 86 56.96 -136.43 1623 HH4 1.032 8 NA 0.708578 NA NA 315691 1108 NA 2037 NA NA 64 355 57921 NA NA 15 11 5 22 13 28 4 18 4 1 4 1 4 1 2 0 2 0 EW0408-40JC Piston coremarine volcanic pumice layer sample 1049 1051 56.99 -135.48 216 HH4 1.085 8 3.07 0.708589 64043 NA NA 1161 86470 5809 NA 1150 406 835 139695 72096 NA 30 42 28 460 325 603 82 346 78 22 75 12 78 15 45 6 37 7 EW0408-40JC Piston core marine volcanic pumice layer sample 1103 1104 56.99 -135.48 216 HH4 1.036 8 -0.62 0.708320 30217 NA 225580 1125 NA 4333 NA 341 262 622 102206 32130 NA 17 27 10 481 365 750 102 432 99 25 94 14 90 17 48 7 39 7 Randle Hand-collected land fall ash NA NA 46.54 -121.96 NA HH4 1.007 8 6.68 0.703478 20928 NA 552763 1960 NA 12828 NA 2737 155 2869 129624 31631 NA NA 53 8 241 131 300 45 219 58 9 56 8 45 8 21 3 16 3 Silver Lake Hand-collected land fall ash NA NA 46.30 -122.81 NA HH4 0.998 8 6.18 0.703796 14743 NA 321311 1341 NA 7702 NA 7100 37 1833 167630 NA NA NA 23 6 344 282 674 97 449 107 13 99 13 73 12 31 4 21 4 Spokane Hand-collected land fall ash NA NA 47.66 -117.43 NA HH4 1.017 8 6.26 0.706078 21503 NA 338158 1298 NA 8346 NA 2214 28 1070 131732 NA NA 1 25 6 222 140 333 49 227 56 9 53 7 43 8 20 3 16 3 Yakima Hand-collected land fall ash NA NA 46.60 -120.50 NA HH4 1.047 8 NA 0.704590 8863 NA 314945 NA NA 6323 NA 2887 85 814 102074 NA NA 18 11 3 86 67 143 20 90 21 3 20 3 16 3 8 1 6 1