Southeast Atlantic Holocene and Marine Isotope Stage 11 isotope, alkenone and SST data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Southeast Atlantic Holocene and Marine Isotope Stage 11 isotope, alkenone and SST data LAST UPDATE: 8/24/2010 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Alexander J. Dickson IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2010-085 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Southeast Atlantic Holocene and Marine Isotope Stage 11 isotope, alkenone and SST data IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2010-085 NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Dickson, A.J., C.J. Beer, C. Dempsey, M.A. Maslin, J.A. Bendle, E.L. McClymont, and R.D. Pancost. 2009. Oceanic forcing of the Marine Isotope Stage 11 interglacial. Nature Geoscience 2 (6), 427-432. doi:10.1038/ngeo527 ABSTRACT: The interglacial known as Marine Isotope Stage 11 has been proposed to be analogous to the Holocene, owing to similarities in the amplitudes of orbital forcing. It has been difficult to compare the periods, however, because of the long duration of Stage 11 and a lack of detailed knowledge of any extreme climate events that may have occurred. Here we use the distinctive phasing between seasurface temperatures and the oxygen-isotope records of benthic foraminifera in the southeast Atlantic Ocean to stratigraphically align the Holocene interglacial with the first half of the Marine Isotope Stage 11 interglacial optimum. This alignment suggests that the second half of Marine Isotope Stage 11 should not be used as a reference for 'pre-anthropogenic' greenhouse-gas emissions. By compiling benthic carbon-isotope records from sites in the Atlantic Ocean on a single timescale, we also find that meridional overturning circulation strengthened about 415,000 years ago, at a time of high orbital obliquity. We propose that this mechanism transported heat to the high northern latitudes, inhibiting significant ice-sheet build-up and prolonging interglacial conditions. We suggest that this mechanism may have also prolonged other interglacial periods throughout the past 800,000 years. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES: Dickson, A.J., M.J. Leng, M.A. Maslin, H.J. Sloane, J. Green, J.A. Bendle, E.L. McClymont and R.D. Pancost. 2010. Atlantic overturning circulation and Agulhas leakage influences on southeast Atlantic upper ocean hydrography during marine isotope stage 11. Paleoceanography, 25, PA3208. doi:10.1029/2009PA001830. Dickson, A.J., M.J. Leng and M.A. Maslin. 2008. Mid-depth South Atlantic Ocean circulation and chemical stratification during MIS-10 to 12: implications for atmospheric CO2. Climate of the Past 4, 333-344. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: southeast Atlantic Ocean PERIOD OF RECORD: 0 - 475 Kyr BP FUNDING SOURCE: This work was supported by an NERC PhD studentship awarded to A.J.D. (NER/S/A/2005/13226), NERC radiocarbon allocations 1194.1006 and 1235.1007, NERC LSMSF grant lsmsfbris008 and NERC Isotope Geoscience Facility grant IP/894/0506. DESCRIPTION: Sites ODP-1085 (29.2°S, 13.6°E, 1713 m), GeoB1720-2 (28°59' S,13°50' E, 1,997 m) and GeoB1720-3 (28°59' S, 13°50' E, 2,004 m) used to compare MIS 11 interglacial to the Holocene. The age model for Site-1085 was determined by correlation of the benthic delta18O data to the LR04 curve. d18O values have been corrected to a common 'Uvigerina' scale by adding 0.64permil. Some d13C data from Site-1085 are on the basis of measurements of Uvigerina spp. corrected to C. wuellerstorfi values by adding 0.9permil. DATA: ODP-1085 Col 1: depth, cm below sea-floor Col 2: Sample age kyrBP Col 3: Site Col 4: Hole Col 5: Core Col 6: Section Col 7: Interval upper bound (cm) Col 8: Interval lower bound (cm) Col 9: Uk'37 Col 10: SST from Uk'37 (degC) Col 11: N. incompta d18O Col 12: G. truncatulinoides (d.) d18O Col 13: Fine-fraction carbonate d18O Col 14: C. Wuellerstorfi d18O Col 15: Uvigerina d18O depth LR04 age / ka Site Hole Core Section Interval upper (cm) Interval lower (cm) UK'37 SST oC N. incompta d18O G. truncatulinoides (d.) d18O Fine-fraction carbonate d18O C. wuellerstorfi d18O Uvigerina d18O 1100 335.58 1085 B 2H 3 10 12 #N/A 1.24 2.02 1.57 2.81 1101 335.72 1085 B 2H 3 11 13 #N/A 1.28 2.17 2.93 1104 336.11 1085 B 2H 3 14 16 0.70 19.48 1.20 2.15 1.76 3.61 1106 336.38 1085 B 2H 3 16 18 #N/A 0.96 2.21 1.77 3.08 1108 336.64 1085 B 2H 3 18 20 0.86 24.48 2.39 1.78 3.05 1110 336.91 1085 B 2H 3 20 22 #N/A 1.54 1.95 3.83 1111 337.04 1085 B 2H 3 21 23 0.73 20.56 1.29 2.43 1.98 4.04 1114 337.43 1085 B 2H 3 24 26 #N/A 1.64 1116 337.70 1085 B 2H 3 26 28 0.75 21.22 1.84 2.56 1.97 3.59 1118 337.96 1085 B 2H 3 28 30 #N/A 1.67 2.27 2.12 3.73 1120 338.23 1085 B 2H 3 30 32 0.73 20.60 1.59 2.09 3.96 1121 338.36 1085 B 2H 3 31 33 #N/A 1.53 1.92 2.01 1124 338.75 1085 B 2H 3 34 36 0.64 17.87 1.56 2.56 3.74 1126 339.02 1085 B 2H 3 36 38 #N/A 1.63 4.00 1128 339.28 1085 B 2H 3 38 40 0.59 16.15 1.75 2.64 2.39 4.19 1130 339.55 1085 B 2H 3 40 42 #N/A 1.75 2.30 4.01 1131 339.68 1085 B 2H 3 41 43 0.60 16.63 1.69 2.68 2.51 3.98 1134 340.08 1085 B 2H 3 44 46 #N/A 1.83 2.84 3.94 1136 340.34 1085 B 2H 3 46 48 0.62 17.15 1.97 2.76 3.89 1138 340.60 1085 B 2H 3 48 50 #N/A 1.82 2.40 2.19 4.10 1140 340.87 1085 B 2H 3 50 52 0.65 18.15 1.73 2.61 2.08 3.83 1141 341.00 1085 B 2H 3 51 53 #N/A 1.46 2.28 2.00 4.10 1144 341.40 1085 B 2H 3 54 56 #N/A 1.04 2.92 2.29 4.43 1146 341.66 1085 B 2H 3 56 58 #N/A 1.70 2.79 1148 341.92 1085 B 2H 3 58 60 0.51 13.93 2.39 2.32 4.14 1150 342.19 1085 B 2H 3 60 62 #N/A 1.55 2.89 2.34 3.93 1151 342.32 1085 B 2H 3 61 63 0.68 19.07 1.42 2.65 2.13 3.76 1154 342.72 1085 B 2H 3 64 66 #N/A 1.61 2.75 2.12 4.08 1156 342.98 1085 B 2H 3 66 68 0.64 17.88 1.67 2.79 2.05 4.54 1158 343.25 1085 B 2H 3 68 70 #N/A 1.61 2.77 2.10 1160 343.51 1085 B 2H 3 70 72 0.61 17.01 1.89 2.84 2.05 1161 343.64 1085 B 2H 3 71 73 #N/A 1.95 2.70 2.02 3.80 4.61 1164 344.04 1085 B 2H 3 74 76 0.55 15.16 2.07 2.82 2.35 3.97 1166 344.30 1085 B 2H 3 76 78 #N/A 1.78 2.68 2.41 3.80 1168 344.57 1085 B 2H 3 78 80 0.56 15.40 1.70 2.47 2.13 4.13 1170 344.83 1085 B 2H 3 80 82 #N/A 1.65 2.36 2.19 3.84 1171 344.96 1085 B 2H 3 81 83 0.58 16.03 1.84 2.49 2.26 1174 345.36 1085 B 2H 3 84 86 #N/A 1.48 2.67 2.22 4.53 1176 345.62 1085 B 2H 3 86 88 0.57 15.74 1.71 2.09 2.32 4.15 1178 345.89 1085 B 2H 3 88 90 #N/A 1.99 2.21 2.12 4.64 1180 346.15 1085 B 2H 3 90 92 0.65 17.96 1.91 2.10 2.25 3.68 1181 346.28 1085 B 2H 3 91 93 #N/A 1.79 2.09 2.11 4.15 1184 346.68 1085 B 2H 3 94 96 0.62 17.15 1.92 2.05 2.18 3.50 1186 346.94 1085 B 2H 3 96 98 #N/A 1.42 2.33 2.20 4.01 1188 347.21 1085 B 2H 3 98 100 0.58 15.95 1.87 2.47 2.25 3.77 1190 347.47 1085 B 2H 3 100 102 #N/A 1.60 2.58 2.18 4.05 1191 347.60 1085 B 2H 3 101 103 0.58 16.05 1.99 2.37 2.29 3.94 1194 348.00 1085 B 2H 3 104 106 0.57 15.58 1.73 2.48 2.12 3.41 1196 348.29 1085 B 2H 3 106 108 #N/A 1.51 2.30 2.21 3.95 1198 348.57 1085 B 2H 3 108 110 #N/A 1.56 2.18 2.14 4.05 1200 348.86 1085 B 2H 3 110 112 0.55 15.07 1.49 2.23 2.33 3.84 1201 349.00 1085 B 2H 3 111 113 #N/A 2.09 2.43 2.01 3.99 1204 349.43 1085 B 2H 3 114 116 0.54 14.76 1.39 2.32 2.20 3.87 1206 349.71 1085 B 2H 3 116 118 #N/A 1.75 2.32 2.13 3.94 1208 350.00 1085 B 2H 3 118 120 0.55 15.21 1.81 2.19 2.07 3.95 1210 350.29 1085 B 2H 3 120 122 #N/A 1.54 2.13 2.22 3.96 1211 350.43 1085 B 2H 3 121 123 0.54 14.80 1.39 2.18 2.09 3.94 1214 350.86 1085 B 2H 3 124 126 #N/A 1.54 2.50 2.12 4.02 1216 351.14 1085 B 2H 3 126 128 0.54 14.86 1.48 2.25 2.16 3.72 1218 351.43 1085 B 2H 3 128 130 #N/A 1.43 2.07 2.03 3.75 1220 351.71 1085 B 2H 3 130 132 0.55 15.08 1.29 1.92 2.22 3.65 1221 351.86 1085 B 2H 3 131 133 #N/A 1.55 2.16 2.28 3.56 1224 352.29 1085 B 2H 3 134 136 #N/A 1.81 2.10 3.81 1226 352.57 1085 B 2H 3 136 138 #N/A 1.41 1.58 2.06 3.74 1228 352.86 1085 B 2H 3 138 140 0.44 11.72 2.07 3.51 1230 353.14 1085 B 2H 3 140 142 #N/A 0.95 2.04 3.19 1231 353.29 1085 B 2H 3 141 143 0.56 15.50 1.94 3.41 1234 353.71 1085 B 2H 3 144 146 #N/A 1.50 1.95 3.78 1236 354.00 1085 B 2H 3 146 148 #N/A 1.21 1.70 2.06 3.78 1238 354.42 1085 B 2H 3 148 150 0.57 15.66 1.38 2.09 2.14 3.70 1240 354.83 1085 B 2H 4 0 2 #N/A 1.49 2.01 2.16 3.53 1241 355.04 1085 B 2H 4 1 3 #N/A 1.71 2.29 3.72 1244 355.67 1085 B 2H 4 4 6 0.55 15.11 1.60 1.73 2.20 3.33 1246 356.08 1085 B 2H 4 6 8 #N/A 1.34 2.22 2.27 3.91 1248 356.50 1085 B 2H 4 8 10 0.47 12.71 2.30 2.32 3.64 1250 356.92 1085 B 2H 4 10 12 #N/A 1.61 2.29 2.20 3.78 1251 357.13 1085 B 2H 4 11 13 0.55 15.05 1.60 2.39 2.43 4.03 1254 357.75 1085 B 2H 4 14 16 #N/A 1.41 2.20 2.30 4.31 1256 358.17 1085 B 2H 4 16 18 0.51 14.00 1.41 2.27 2.44 3.85 1258 358.58 1085 B 2H 4 18 20 #N/A 1.21 2.37 2.32 3.96 1260 359.00 1085 B 2H 4 20 22 0.53 14.55 1.23 2.29 2.38 4.04 1261 359.21 1085 B 2H 4 21 23 #N/A 1.24 2.48 2.37 4.10 1264 359.83 1085 B 2H 4 24 26 0.53 14.62 1.45 2.25 2.22 4.13 1266 360.25 1085 B 2H 4 26 28 #N/A 1.44 2.29 2.19 4.00 1268 360.67 1085 B 2H 4 28 30 0.54 14.83 1.30 2.90 2.14 3.70 1270 361.08 1085 B 2H 4 30 32 #N/A 1.38 2.35 2.10 4.01 1271 361.29 1085 B 2H 4 31 33 0.57 15.57 1.29 1.76 2.15 3.69 1274 361.92 1085 B 2H 4 34 36 #N/A 1.31 2.11 2.13 3.94 1276 362.33 1085 B 2H 4 36 38 0.59 16.30 1.06 2.03 2.22 3.84 1278 362.75 1085 B 2H 4 38 40 #N/A 1.41 2.13 2.11 3.53 1280 363.17 1085 B 2H 4 40 42 0.65 18.08 2.15 2.13 3.88 1281 363.38 1085 B 2H 4 41 43 #N/A 1.48 2.33 2.25 3.90 1284 364.00 1085 B 2H 4 44 46 0.52 14.29 1.12 2.35 1.99 4.00 1286 364.48 1085 B 2H 4 46 48 #N/A 0.94 2.35 1.93 1288 364.97 1085 B 2H 4 48 50 0.55 14.96 0.42 2.49 2.02 3.76 1290 365.45 1085 B 2H 4 50 52 #N/A 1.10 2.61 1.98 3.52 1291 365.69 1085 B 2H 4 51 53 0.57 15.80 0.46 2.33 2.01 3.94 1294 366.41 1085 B 2H 4 54 56 #N/A 1.03 2.41 2.03 3.88 1296 366.90 1085 B 2H 4 56 58 #N/A 0.82 2.28 2.04 3.66 1298 367.38 1085 B 2H 4 58 60 #N/A 0.96 2.11 1.93 3.68 1300 367.86 1085 B 2H 4 60 62 #N/A 1.22 2.07 1.90 1301 368.10 1085 B 2H 4 61 63 #N/A 1.41 2.29 1.84 3.85 1304 368.83 1085 B 2H 4 64 66 0.57 15.71 1.46 2.28 1.77 3.53 1306 369.31 1085 B 2H 4 66 68 #N/A 1.12 2.26 1.88 3.77 1308 369.79 1085 B 2H 4 68 70 0.60 16.58 1.12 2.49 1.83 3.53 1310 370.28 1085 B 2H 4 70 72 #N/A 0.65 2.01 1.81 3.59 1311 370.52 1085 B 2H 4 71 73 0.58 15.87 0.61 1.79 1.88 3.62 1314 371.24 1085 B 2H 4 74 76 #N/A 1.44 2.06 2.06 3.05 1316 371.72 1085 B 2H 4 76 78 0.55 15.18 1.45 1.83 1.97 3.82 1318 372.21 1085 B 2H 4 78 80 #N/A 1.29 2.03 1.84 3.67 1320 372.69 1085 B 2H 4 80 82 0.61 16.84 0.97 1.78 3.74 1321 372.93 1085 B 2H 4 81 83 #N/A 0.86 2.01 1.99 3.70 1324 373.66 1085 B 2H 4 84 86 0.57 15.66 0.92 2.18 2.01 3.77 1326 374.14 1085 B 2H 4 86 88 #N/A 1.30 1.87 1.94 3.62 1328 374.62 1085 B 2H 4 88 90 0.63 17.35 1.24 2.07 2.00 3.79 1330 375.10 1085 B 2H 4 90 92 #N/A 1.24 1.96 2.10 3.64 1331 375.34 1085 B 2H 4 91 93 0.63 17.41 1.19 2.00 2.09 3.55 1334 376.07 1085 B 2H 4 94 96 #N/A 0.98 2.03 1.97 3.53 1336 376.55 1085 B 2H 4 96 98 0.53 14.61 0.98 2.08 1.91 3.58 1338 377.03 1085 B 2H 4 98 100 #N/A 1.17 1.69 1.80 3.17 1340 377.52 1085 B 2H 4 100 102 0.69 19.32 0.92 1.77 3.75 1341 377.76 1085 B 2H 4 101 103 #N/A 0.77 1.82 1.85 3.48 1344 378.48 1085 B 2H 4 104 106 0.64 17.70 1.08 1.65 1.92 3.55 1346 378.97 1085 B 2H 4 106 108 #N/A 1.10 1.54 1.89 3.32 1348 379.45 1085 B 2H 4 108 110 0.63 17.59 1.20 2.02 1.94 3.23 1350 379.93 1085 B 2H 4 110 112 #N/A 0.50 1.58 1.71 3.52 1351 380.17 1085 B 2H 4 111 113 0.61 16.97 1.17 1.71 1.86 3.16 1354 380.90 1085 B 2H 4 114 116 #N/A 0.93 1.62 2.04 3.63 1356 381.38 1085 B 2H 4 116 118 0.65 18.15 0.98 1.61 1.88 3.61 1358 381.86 1085 B 2H 4 118 120 #N/A 1.30 1.76 1.68 3.74 1360 382.34 1085 B 2H 4 120 122 #N/A 1.07 1.80 2.01 3.68 1361 382.59 1085 B 2H 4 121 123 #N/A 1.20 2.04 3.05 1364 383.31 1085 B 2H 4 124 126 0.62 17.05 1.27 1.73 3.17 1366 383.79 1085 B 2H 4 126 128 #N/A 1.30 2.05 1.81 3.48 1368 384.28 1085 B 2H 4 128 130 0.61 16.99 1.28 2.18 1.73 3.76 1370 384.76 1085 B 2H 4 130 132 #N/A 1.27 1.93 1.95 3.44 1371 385.00 1085 B 2H 4 131 133 0.63 17.48 0.88 2.23 1.72 3.45 1374 385.68 1085 B 2H 4 134 136 #N/A 1.27 1.94 1.71 3.54 1376 386.13 1085 B 2H 4 136 138 0.58 16.09 1.75 3.80 1378 386.58 1085 B 2H 4 138 140 #N/A 1.14 1.65 3.31 1380 387.04 1085 B 2H 4 140 142 0.64 17.81 0.92 2.22 1.48 3.38 1381 387.26 1085 B 2H 4 141 143 #N/A 1.14 1.89 1.52 3.25 1384 387.94 1085 B 2H 4 144 146 0.59 16.38 1.15 2.03 3.57 1386 388.40 1085 B 2H 4 146 148 #N/A 1.00 1.98 1.73 3.30 1388 388.85 1085 B 2H 4 148 150 0.58 15.88 1.34 2.37 1.61 2.63 1390 389.30 1085 B 2H 5 0 2 #N/A 1.07 1.98 1.50 3.16 1391 389.53 1085 B 2H 5 1 3 0.61 16.88 1.15 2.03 1.50 3.54 1394 390.21 1085 B 2H 5 4 6 #N/A 1.48 2.46 1.51 3.13 1396 390.66 1085 B 2H 5 6 8 0.72 20.30 1.49 1.90 1.47 3.62 1398 391.11 1085 B 2H 5 8 10 #N/A 1.19 1.88 1.36 3.24 1400 391.57 1085 B 2H 5 10 12 0.48 12.86 1.10 1.50 1.47 3.28 1401 391.79 1085 B 2H 5 11 13 #N/A 0.92 1.50 1.41 3.54 1404 392.47 1085 B 2H 5 14 16 #N/A 1.40 2.00 1.40 3.21 1406 392.92 1085 B 2H 5 16 18 #N/A 1.27 1.92 1.43 3.27 1408 393.38 1085 B 2H 5 18 20 0.71 19.88 1.26 1.96 1.35 3.16 1410 393.83 1085 B 2H 5 20 22 #N/A 1.07 2.03 1.31 3.09 1411 394.06 1085 B 2H 5 21 23 0.62 17.22 1.41 1.98 1.18 3.02 1414 394.74 1085 B 2H 5 24 26 0.57 15.62 1.27 1.41 1.36 3.86 1416 395.19 1085 B 2H 5 26 28 0.65 18.02 1.09 2.14 1.35 2.48 1418 395.64 1085 B 2H 5 28 30 #N/A 0.94 1.49 1.26 3.08 1420 396.09 1085 B 2H 5 30 32 0.70 19.71 0.96 1.78 1.58 3.14 1421 396.32 1085 B 2H 5 31 33 #N/A 0.53 1.58 1.31 2.91 1424 397.00 1085 B 2H 5 34 36 0.67 18.57 0.76 1.70 1.29 3.03 1426 397.36 1085 B 2H 5 36 38 #N/A 1.12 1.39 1.61 2.70 1428 397.71 1085 B 2H 5 38 40 0.63 17.63 1.33 1.66 1.37 2.15 1430 398.07 1085 B 2H 5 40 42 0.68 18.86 1.02 1.31 1.33 2.92 1431 398.24 1085 B 2H 5 41 43 #N/A 1.47 1.35 1.42 3.06 1434 398.78 1085 B 2H 5 44 46 #N/A 0.92 1.34 1.40 2.86 1436 399.13 1085 B 2H 5 46 48 0.65 18.13 0.82 0.72 1.47 3.00 1438 399.49 1085 B 2H 5 48 50 #N/A 0.93 1.45 1.39 2.81 1440 399.84 1085 B 2H 5 50 52 #N/A 0.86 1.05 1.41 2.86 1441 400.02 1085 B 2H 5 51 53 #N/A 1.00 1.54 1.41 3.02 1444 400.55 1085 B 2H 5 54 56 0.59 16.35 0.86 1.56 1.47 2.93 1446 400.91 1085 B 2H 5 56 58 #N/A 1.01 1.59 1.47 2.62 1448 401.26 1085 B 2H 5 58 60 0.70 19.63 0.78 1.47 1.34 2.77 1450 401.62 1085 B 2H 5 60 62 #N/A 0.99 1.47 1.36 2.56 1451 401.80 1085 B 2H 5 61 63 0.66 18.30 0.97 2.13 1.44 1454 402.33 1085 B 2H 5 64 66 #N/A 0.89 1.57 1.26 2.75 1456 402.68 1085 B 2H 5 66 68 0.67 18.77 0.80 1.33 1.40 2.73 1458 403.04 1085 B 2H 5 68 70 #N/A 0.59 1.59 1.46 2.49 1460 403.39 1085 B 2H 5 70 72 0.68 18.85 0.47 1.47 1.39 2.90 1461 403.57 1085 B 2H 5 71 73 #N/A 0.58 1.53 1.31 3.93 1464 404.11 1085 B 2H 5 74 76 0.78 22.09 0.85 1.31 1.39 3.53 3.01 1466 404.46 1085 B 2H 5 76 78 #N/A 0.56 1.26 1.39 2.86 1468 404.82 1085 B 2H 5 78 80 0.60 16.63 0.34 1.08 1.36 2.79 3.66 1470 405.17 1085 B 2H 5 80 82 #N/A 0.65 1.41 1.34 2.66 3.31 1471 405.35 1085 B 2H 5 81 83 0.74 20.79 0.74 1.05 1.36 4.10 1474 405.88 1085 B 2H 5 84 86 #N/A 0.85 1.29 1.40 4.05 1476 406.24 1085 B 2H 5 86 88 0.66 18.53 0.62 1.33 1.37 3.30 1478 406.59 1085 B 2H 5 88 90 #N/A 0.85 1.36 1.32 1480 406.95 1085 B 2H 5 90 92 0.68 18.85 0.68 0.49 1.32 2.59 1481 407.13 1085 B 2H 5 91 93 #N/A 0.87 1.06 1.31 2.83 1484 407.66 1085 B 2H 5 94 96 0.63 17.43 0.85 1.58 1.31 3.10 3.68 1486 408.01 1085 B 2H 5 96 98 #N/A 0.57 1.48 1.31 1488 408.37 1085 B 2H 5 98 100 0.63 17.53 0.48 1.23 1.35 2.61 1490 408.72 1085 B 2H 5 100 102 #N/A 1.16 1.36 3.69 1491 408.90 1085 B 2H 5 101 103 0.73 20.49 0.42 1.35 1.30 1494 409.43 1085 B 2H 5 104 106 0.64 17.70 0.85 1.52 1.41 2.73 1496 409.79 1085 B 2H 5 106 108 0.69 19.30 0.77 1.14 1.40 2.79 1498 410.14 1085 B 2H 5 108 110 0.62 17.28 0.75 1.40 1.21 3.84 3.34 1500 410.50 1085 B 2H 5 110 112 0.69 19.18 0.67 1.02 1.39 2.84 1501 410.68 1085 B 2H 5 111 113 #N/A 0.82 1.44 1.46 3.37 3.35 1504 411.21 1085 B 2H 5 114 116 0.76 21.40 0.69 1.44 1.57 3.51 1506 411.57 1085 B 2H 5 116 118 #N/A 0.65 1.52 1.62 2.51 1508 411.92 1085 B 2H 5 118 120 0.71 19.75 0.86 1.54 1.89 2.92 1510 412.28 1085 B 2H 5 120 122 #N/A 0.75 1.26 1.49 3.08 3.16 1511 412.45 1085 B 2H 5 121 123 0.68 19.01 0.66 1.45 1.70 2.77 3.28 1514 412.99 1085 B 2H 5 124 126 #N/A 0.97 1.49 1.53 3.10 3.59 1516 413.34 1085 B 2H 5 126 128 0.58 16.07 0.88 1.62 1.70 3.53 1518 413.70 1085 B 2H 5 128 130 #N/A 1.09 1.70 1.66 1520 414.05 1085 B 2H 5 130 132 0.69 19.18 0.90 1.54 3.47 3.65 1521 414.23 1085 B 2H 5 131 133 #N/A 0.68 1.35 1.60 3.56 1524 414.76 1085 B 2H 5 134 136 0.68 18.91 0.80 1.31 1.45 1526 415.12 1085 B 2H 5 136 138 #N/A 0.83 1.61 1.86 3.00 3.62 1528 415.47 1085 B 2H 5 138 140 0.70 19.53 0.88 1.05 1.39 3.87 1530 415.83 1085 B 2H 5 140 142 #N/A 0.98 1.47 1.44 2.73 3.15 1531 416.01 1085 B 2H 5 141 143 0.59 16.30 1.64 1.72 1.52 3.86 1534 416.54 1085 B 2H 5 144 146 #N/A 1.00 1.83 1.48 3.86 1536 416.89 1085 B 2H 5 146 148 #N/A 1.60 1.64 1.81 3.69 1538 417.25 1085 B 2H 5 148 150 0.74 20.72 1.15 1.98 1.76 3.63 1540 417.61 1085 B 2H 6 0 2 0.76 21.34 1.00 1.42 1.91 4.10 1541 417.78 1085 B 2H 6 1 3 #N/A 1.93 1.54 1.90 3.78 1544 418.32 1085 B 2H 6 4 6 0.64 17.90 1.07 1.67 1.91 3.25 1546 418.67 1085 B 2H 6 6 8 #N/A 1.53 1.99 1.99 3.79 1548 419.03 1085 B 2H 6 8 10 0.64 17.89 1.93 1.96 1.94 3.18 1550 419.38 1085 B 2H 6 10 12 #N/A 1.67 1.11 2.01 2.80 1551 419.56 1085 B 2H 6 11 13 0.63 17.45 0.96 1.73 1.87 4.09 1554 420.09 1085 B 2H 6 14 16 #N/A 1.29 1.87 1.98 3.86 1556 420.45 1085 B 2H 6 16 18 0.66 18.26 1.29 2.12 2.13 3.93 1558 420.80 1085 B 2H 6 18 20 #N/A 1.44 1.40 2.12 2.91 3.99 1560 421.16 1085 B 2H 6 20 22 0.69 19.23 1.11 1.88 2.06 4.04 1561 421.34 1085 B 2H 6 21 23 #N/A 1.24 1.90 2.15 4.13 1564 421.87 1085 B 2H 6 24 26 #N/A 1.42 1.93 2.14 3.13 4.09 1566 422.22 1085 B 2H 6 26 28 #N/A 1.36 1.83 2.11 3.32 1568 422.58 1085 B 2H 6 28 30 0.68 19.04 1.42 2.27 2.00 1570 422.93 1085 B 2H 6 30 32 0.69 19.36 1.29 2.03 2.14 3.67 4.12 1571 423.11 1085 B 2H 6 31 33 0.65 18.22 1.68 2.21 2.16 2.59 3.86 1574 423.64 1085 B 2H 6 34 36 0.68 18.94 1.84 2.16 2.21 4.32 1576 424.00 1085 B 2H 6 36 38 0.60 16.63 1.80 2.27 2.33 4.21 1578 424.55 1085 B 2H 6 38 40 #N/A 1.88 2.19 2.39 1580 425.09 1085 B 2H 6 40 42 0.70 19.45 1.88 2.60 2.34 4.34 1581 425.36 1085 B 2H 6 41 43 #N/A 2.58 2.36 2.59 4.56 1584 426.18 1085 B 2H 6 44 46 0.66 18.38 1.92 2.55 2.38 4.48 1586 426.73 1085 B 2H 6 46 48 #N/A 2.02 2.41 2.50 4.54 1588 427.27 1085 B 2H 6 48 50 0.65 18.14 2.05 3.27 2.50 3.84 4.67 1590 427.82 1085 B 2H 6 50 52 #N/A 1.60 2.60 2.59 4.48 1591 428.09 1085 B 2H 6 51 53 0.65 18.14 2.04 1.93 2.52 4.76 1594 428.91 1085 B 2H 6 54 56 0.58 16.02 1.74 1.98 2.53 4.20 5.05 1596 429.45 1085 B 2H 6 56 58 0.68 18.96 1.98 2.88 2.85 4.94 1598 430.00 1085 B 2H 6 58 60 #N/A 1.88 3.01 2.83 1600 430.79 1085 B 2H 6 60 62 #N/A 1.89 2.46 2.87 5.03 1601 431.19 1085 B 2H 6 61 63 #N/A 2.07 2.72 2.73 5.14 1604 432.38 1085 B 2H 6 64 66 0.60 16.54 2.06 2.19 2.91 4.69 1606 433.17 1085 B 2H 6 66 68 #N/A 2.18 3.26 2.99 5.01 1608 433.97 1085 B 2H 6 68 70 0.56 15.39 2.11 3.23 2.87 5.12 1610 434.76 1085 B 2H 6 70 72 #N/A 2.08 2.68 2.86 1611 435.16 1085 B 2H 6 71 73 0.60 16.44 2.02 3.16 2.58 5.11 1614 436.35 1085 B 2H 6 74 76 #N/A 2.14 2.69 2.96 5.15 1616 437.14 1085 B 2H 6 76 78 #N/A 2.22 2.55 2.99 5.14 1618 437.94 1085 B 2H 6 78 80 #N/A 1.93 2.65 2.93 5.23 1620 438.73 1085 B 2H 6 80 82 0.52 14.21 2.21 2.71 2.79 4.80 1621 439.13 1085 B 2H 6 81 83 #N/A 2.16 3.11 2.83 4.82 1624 440.32 1085 B 2H 6 84 86 0.61 16.81 2.35 3.00 2.99 5.15 1626 441.11 1085 B 2H 6 86 88 #N/A 3.00 2.96 4.94 1628 441.90 1085 B 2H 6 88 90 #N/A 2.19 3.03 2.83 5.03 1630 442.70 1085 B 2H 6 90 92 #N/A 2.22 3.23 2.64 4.88 1631 443.10 1085 B 2H 6 91 93 0.57 15.65 2.18 2.97 3.22 4.84 1634 444.29 1085 B 2H 6 94 96 #N/A 1.82 3.08 2.71 4.98 1636 445.08 1085 B 2H 6 96 98 0.54 14.79 1.84 2.88 2.77 3.93 4.83 1638 445.87 1085 B 2H 6 98 100 #N/A 2.10 3.07 2.55 5.13 1640 446.67 1085 B 2H 6 100 102 0.55 15.04 1.31 2.37 2.63 4.33 4.69 1641 447.06 1085 B 2H 6 101 103 #N/A 1.73 2.62 2.55 4.46 1644 448.25 1085 B 2H 6 104 106 0.46 12.37 1.97 2.87 2.53 4.15 1646 449.05 1085 B 2H 6 106 108 #N/A 1.86 2.68 2.61 4.49 1648 449.84 1085 B 2H 6 108 110 #N/A 1.76 2.77 2.54 4.26 4.76 1650 450.63 1085 B 2H 6 110 112 #N/A 1.71 2.87 2.52 4.07 4.60 1651 451.03 1085 B 2H 6 111 113 0.55 15.17 1.71 2.44 4.07 1654 452.22 1085 B 2H 6 114 116 #N/A 1.69 2.91 4.46 4.55 1656 453.02 1085 B 2H 6 116 118 0.54 14.76 1.72 2.80 2.47 4.66 1658 453.81 1085 B 2H 6 118 120 #N/A 1.67 2.28 2.54 4.51 1660 454.60 1085 B 2H 6 120 122 0.58 15.95 1.54 2.72 2.28 4.34 1661 455.00 1085 B 2H 6 121 123 #N/A 2.83 2.52 4.39 1664 455.70 1085 B 2H 6 124 126 0.54 14.89 1.62 2.44 2.62 4.21 1666 456.16 1085 B 2H 6 126 128 #N/A 1.35 2.38 2.58 4.75 1668 456.62 1085 B 2H 6 128 130 0.57 15.61 2.23 2.54 4.64 1670 457.09 1085 B 2H 6 130 132 #N/A 1.28 2.68 4.73 1671 457.32 1085 B 2H 6 131 133 0.51 13.93 1.93 2.74 2.49 4.68 1674 458.01 1085 B 2H 6 134 136 #N/A 1.49 2.54 2.63 4.71 1676 458.48 1085 B 2H 6 136 138 0.58 16.09 1.75 2.62 2.38 1678 458.94 1085 B 2H 6 138 140 #N/A 1.96 2.64 2.55 4.54 4.40 1680 459.41 1085 B 2H 6 140 142 #N/A 1.81 2.67 2.38 4.56 1681 459.64 1085 B 2H 6 141 143 #N/A 2.09 2.61 2.45 1684 460.33 1085 B 2H 6 144 146 0.53 14.54 2.65 2.40 3.07 1686 460.80 1085 B 2H 6 146 148 #N/A 2.16 2.78 2.26 4.04 4.82 1688 461.26 1085 B 2H 6 148 150 0.55 15.17 2.03 2.14 2.41 4.82 1690 461.72 1085 B 2H 7 0 2 #N/A 2.17 2.34 2.42 4.60 1692 462.19 1085 B 2H 7 2 4 0.47 12.74 1.90 2.60 2.34 1694 462.65 1085 B 2H 7 4 6 #N/A 1.89 2.24 2.34 4.19 4.78 1696 463.12 1085 B 2H 7 6 8 0.52 14.11 2.01 2.32 4.42 1698 463.58 1085 B 2H 7 8 10 #N/A 1.41 2.34 2.23 4.54 1700 464.04 1085 B 2H 7 10 12 0.53 14.37 2.66 4.57 1702 464.51 1085 B 2H 7 12 14 #N/A 1.12 2.33 2.25 4.62 1704 464.97 1085 B 2H 7 14 16 0.54 14.76 1.46 2.20 2.31 4.42 1706 465.43 1085 B 2H 7 16 18 #N/A 1.51 2.61 2.25 4.97 1708 465.90 1085 B 2H 7 18 20 0.55 15.00 1.80 2.73 2.71 4.47 1710 466.36 1085 B 2H 7 20 22 #N/A 1.46 2.51 2.20 3.39 4.54 1712 466.83 1085 B 2H 7 22 24 0.58 15.89 1.30 2.46 2.20 1714 467.29 1085 B 2H 7 24 26 #N/A 1.63 2.18 1716 467.75 1085 B 2H 7 26 28 #N/A 1.17 2.14 1.99 3.04 1718 468.22 1085 B 2H 7 28 30 #N/A 1.37 2.37 3.49 4.38 1720 468.68 1085 B 2H 7 30 32 0.63 17.46 1.23 2.86 1.87 3.53 1722 469.14 1085 B 2H 7 32 34 #N/A 1.17 2.41 1.95 3.74 1724 469.61 1085 B 2H 7 34 36 #N/A 1.15 1.76 4.33 4.00 1726 470.07 1085 B 2H 7 36 38 #N/A 2.34 1.85 1728 470.54 1085 B 2H 7 38 40 0.58 16.11 1.16 1.85 2.73 4.12 1730 471.00 1085 B 2H 7 40 42 #N/A 1.34 2.11 1.92 1732 471.46 1085 B 2H 7 42 44 #N/A 1.35 3.50 1734 471.93 1085 B 2H 7 44 46 #N/A 1.34 1.66 1.93 3.35 1736 472.39 1085 B 2H 7 46 48 0.60 16.49 1.26 2.37 1.93 3.88 1738 472.86 1085 B 2H 7 48 50 #N/A 1.05 1.95 1.91 3.60 1740 473.32 1085 B 2H 7 50 52 0.61 16.79 1.00 2.21 3.69 1742 473.78 1085 B 2H 7 52 54 #N/A 1.12 2.59 1.86 3.60 GeoB1720-2 Col 1: Core depth / cm Col 2: Sample age yrBP Col 3: C. Wuellerstorfi d18O Col 4: C. Wuellerstorfi d13C Col 5: Uk'37 Col 6: SST from Uk'37 (degC) Core depth / cm Sample age C. Wuellerstorfi d18O C. Wuellerstorfi d13C UK'37 SST 0.50 770.00 0.63 17.59 3.5 1473.21 2.49 0.64 0.62 17.23 6.5 2176.42 2.66 0.83 9.5 2879.63 2.61 0.83 0.56 15.45 12.5 3582.83 2.74 0.63 15.5 4286.04 2.61 0.83 0.65 18.06 18.5 4989.25 2.61 0.77 0.64 17.79 21.5 5692.46 2.57 0.81 0.66 18.52 24.5 6395.67 3.11 0.59 27.5 7098.88 2.82 0.67 0.57 15.79 30.5 7802.08 2.84 0.71 0.64 17.80 33.5 8505.29 2.70 0.70 36.5 9208.50 2.79 0.61 0.64 17.79 39.5 9978.00 2.73 0.78 42.5 10747.50 2.80 0.61 0.68 19.02 45.5 11517.00 3.33 0.57 48.5 12286.50 3.02 0.55 0.68 18.93 51.5 13056.00 2.99 0.79 54.5 13487.83 3.32 0.36 0.62 17.22 57.5 13919.67 3.77 0.22 60.5 14351.50 3.77 0.38 0.60 16.63 63.5 15158.40 3.67 0.33 66.5 15965.30 4.19 0.21 0.62 17.07 69.5 16772.20 3.80 0.01 72.5 17579.10 4.25 0.17 75.5 18386.00 4.40 0.29 0.62 17.27 78.5 19221.81 4.31 0.29 81.5 20057.62 4.35 0.38 0.61 16.81 84.5 20893.43 4.35 0.11 87.5 21729.25 4.33 0.30 90.5 22565.06 4.27 0.27 0.60 16.61 93.5 23400.87 4.21 0.16 0.60 16.47 96.5 24236.68 4.24 0.10 100 25211.79 4.14 0.22 102 25769.00 4.15 0.15 0.65 18.14 104 26544.11 4.19 0.28 106 27319.22 4.20 0.16 108 28094.33 4.06 0.27 110 28869.44 4.11 0.25 112 29644.56 4.08 0.19 0.62 17.31 114 30419.67 4.03 0.04 116 31194.78 4.08 0.16 0.58 16.04 118 31969.89 4.10 0.17 120 32745.00 0.53 14.52 122 33225.33 3.93 0.05 124 33705.67 3.95 0.24 126 34186.00 3.90 0.16 128 34666.33 3.80 0.16 130 35146.67 3.94 0.30 0.55 15.08 132 35627.00 3.89 0.21 136 36349.61 3.98 0.24 142 37433.52 3.77 0.22 0.55 15.14 144 37794.82 4.05 0.16 0.52 14.14 146 38156.12 3.85 0.29 148 38517.42 3.79 0.42 0.52 14.16 150 38878.73 3.92 -0.05 152 39240.03 3.75 0.37 154 39601.33 3.94 0.39 156 39962.64 3.97 0.29 0.55 15.05 158 40323.94 4.09 0.26 160 40685.24 3.85 0.72 0.55 15.16 162 41046.55 3.85 0.39 164 41407.85 3.98 0.54 0.57 15.75 166 41769.15 4.31 0.10 168 42130.45 3.89 0.58 0.62 17.22 170 42491.76 3.89 0.40 172 42853.06 3.95 0.51 174 43214.36 3.97 0.63 0.51 13.94 176 43575.67 3.78 0.42 178 43936.97 3.89 0.28 180 44298.27 4.06 0.58 0.52 14.21 182 44659.58 3.75 0.43 0.56 15.44 184 45020.88 3.87 0.47 186 45382.18 3.57 0.15 188 45743.48 3.66 0.40 0.60 16.57 190 46104.79 3.67 0.42 192 46466.09 3.60 0.27 0.58 16.11 194 46827.39 3.38 0.33 196 47188.70 3.78 0.36 198 47550.00 3.86 0.21 0.57 15.62 GeoB1720-3 Col 1: Core depth / cm Col 2: Sample age yrBP Col 3: C. Wuellerstorfi d18O Col 4: C. Wuellerstorfi d13C Col 5: Uk'37 Col 6: SST from Uk'37 (degC) Core depth / cm Sample age C. Wuellerstorfi d18O C. Wuellerstorfi d13C UK'37 SST 0 0.00 2.58 0.72 0.58 16.10 2 215.87 2.68 0.84 4 431.74 2.75 0.95 6 647.61 2.89 0.90 0.55 15.13 8 863.49 2.64 0.88 10 1079.36 2.63 0.79 12 1295.23 2.75 0.92 0.62 17.15 14 1511.10 2.88 0.56 0.60 16.55