# Gulf of Alaska Radiocarbon data from benthic and planktonic foraminifera during the Late Glacial to the Holocene #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/ # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/by_contributor/davies-walczak2014/davies-walczak2014.txt # # Original_Source_URL: # # Archive: Paleoceanography # # Parameter_Keywords: Radiocarbon #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2017-03-17 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Gulf of Alaska Radiocarbon data from benthic and planktonic foraminifera during the Late Glacial to the Holocene #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Davies-Walczak, M.H.; Mix, A.C.; Stoner, J.S.; Southon, J.R.; Cheseby, M.; Xuan, C. #--------------------------------------- # Description and Notes # Description: Radiocarbon data from benthic and planktonic foraminifera at continental slope site EW0408-85JC in the Gulf of Alaska #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Davies-Walczak, M.H., A.C. Mix, J.S. Stoner, J.R. Southon, M. Cheseby, and C. Xuan # Published_Date_or_Year: 2014 # Published_Title: Late Glacial to Holocene radiocarbon constraints on North Pacific Intermediate Water ventilation and deglacial atmospheric CO2 sources # Journal_Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters # Volume: 397 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 57-66 # Report Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.04.004 # Online_Resource: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X14002301 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Radiocarbon reconstructions of past ocean ventilation rates constrain oceanic sources and sinks of CO2 and mechanisms of subsurface hypoxia. Here, 14C in coexisting benthic and planktonic foraminifera from a sediment core 682 m deep off Southeast Alaska documents paleoventilation over the past ~17,000 years. A chronology based on calibrated planktonic foraminiferal dates, consistent with independent terrestrial dates for regional glacial retreat, yields deglacial projection ages moderately greater than those of the Holocene, suggesting comparatively limited ventilation. The observed Holocene increase of apparent ventilation at intermediate depths tracks inundation of the Bering Strait between ~11,800 and 13,200 years ago, suggesting that flooding of continental shelves and export of low salinity surface waters to the Arctic enhanced intermediate water formation in the North Pacific. An abrupt increase in the benthic–planktonic radiocarbon age gradient, implying homogenization of abyssal radiocarbon in deep and intermediate waters, aligns with the younger of two episodes of rapid rise of atmospheric CO2 and depletion of atmospheric D14C during deglaciation ~11,500–13,000 years ago, suggesting the North Pacific as a possible pathway for venting of oceanic CO2 to the atmosphere during the second half of the deglacial transition. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-0602395, EAR-0711584 #--------------------------------------- # Site Information # Site_Name: EW0408-85JC # Location: Gulf of Alaska # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 59.555 # Southernmost_Latitude: 59.555 # Easternmost_Longitude: -144.1535 # Westernmost_Longitude: -144.1535 # Elevation: -682 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: EW0408-85JC 14C Davies-Walczak14 # First_Year: 17400 # Last_Year: -54 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length: 12.6 # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # # Core Type TC (trigger core) or JC (jumbo piston core) # 85JC Sample Depths (cmbsf) Sample depths on composite depth scale in cm below seafloor # Raw Plank (yrs) Raw planktonic 14C ages # Raw Plank ±1s (yrs) 1-sigma analytical uncertainty on raw plantonic 14C ages # Raw Benth (yrs) Raw benthic 14C ages # Raw Benth ±1s (yrs) 1-sigma analytical uncertainty on raw benthic 14C ages # Calib Plank Marine 13 (yrs) Marine13 calibrated planktonic 14C ages using DR of 470 +/- 80 # Calib Plank Marine 13 ±1s (yrs) 1-sigma calibration uncertainty for Marine13 calibrated planktonic ages # EW0408-85JC Age Model 1 (yrs) Stratigraphic age assigned via a Bayesian age model applied to the calibrated planktonic 14C dates (Age Model 1) # EW0408-85JC Age Model 1 ±1s (yrs) 1-sigma uncertainty of the Bayesian Age Model 1 # EW0408-85JC Age Model 2 (yrs) Stratigraphic age assigned via tuning d18O from EW0408-85JC to NGRIP (Age Model 2) # EW0408-85JC Age Model 2 ±1s (yrs) 1-sigma uncertainty of the tuned Age Model 2 # 85JC Depths Age Model 2 (cmbsf) Depths of tie points to NGRIP d18O used in Age Model 2 # Depth Range (cm) Depth uncertainty of tie points used in Age Model 2 # NGRIP Ties Age Model 2 (ybp) NGRIP ages of isotope features that define tie points # NGRIP Ties ±1s (yrs) 1-sigma uncertainty of NGRIP ages # 85JC Depths GISPII Age Model (cmbsf) Depths of tie points to GISPII d18O in alternative tuned age model # Depth Range (cm) Depth uncertainty of tie points used in alternative GISPII tuned age model # GISPII Ties Age Model 2 (ybp) GISPII ages of isotope features that define tie points # GISPII Ties ±1s (yrs) 1-sigma uncertainty of GISPII ages # # Core Type 85JC Sample Depths (cmbsf) Raw Plank (yrs) Raw Plank ±1s (yrs) Raw Benth (yrs) Raw Benth ±1s (yrs) Calib Plank Marine 13 (yrs) Calib Plank Marine 13 ±1s (yrs) EW0408-85JC Age Model 1 (yrs) EW0408-85JC Age Model 1 ±1s (yrs) EW0408-85JC Age Model 2 (yrs) EW0408-85JC Age Model 2 ±1s (yrs) 85JC Depths Age Model 2 (cmbsf) Depth Range (cm) NGRIP Ties Age Model 2 (ybp) NGRIP Ties ±1s (yrs) 85JC Depths GISPII Age Model (cmbsf) Depth Range (cm) GISPII Ties Age Model 2 (ybp) GISPII Ties ±1s (yrs) # TC 22 660 250 1530 45 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 0 2 -54 100 0 2 -54 100 # TC 124 1650 90 2505 50 750 110 750 105 1790 80 556 2 8215 200 554 2 8203 200 # JC 176 2340 70 2890 20 1430 110 1410 105 2560 80 706 2 10230 200 733 2 10303 200 # TC 222 2730 70 3440 60 1870 130 1930 120 3240 90 769 2 11685 260 769 2 11620 260 # JC 254 3560 60 4160 20 2880 115 2820 120 3710 100 797 1 12710 280 798 1 12838 280 # JC 304 4000 80 4810 60 3420 140 3400 120 4450 110 821 1 14035 540 821 1 14005 540 # JC 356 4330 60 5015 45 3820 135 3880 125 5220 120 828 1 14635 70 828 1 14635 70 # JC 404 4990 90 5840 25 4700 155 4680 145 5940 140 1253 2 17400 140 1253 2 17400 140 # JC 454 5500 70 6345 30 5380 130 5400 130 6680 160 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 504 6410 25 7190 25 6360 90 6370 100 7420 180 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 555 7980 25 8855 35 7970 90 7940 95 8170 190 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 605 8610 80 9265 30 8650 140 8620 135 8850 150 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 655 9020 120 9800 30 9180 175 9220 145 9530 150 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 705 9660 70 10355 45 9960 145 9950 130 10210 190 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 725 9930 30 10650 25 10320 95 10320 85 10660 150 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 740 10260 25 10915 25 10710 120 10660 85 11020 150 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 754 10410 100 11000 130 10900 145 10950 85 11350 190 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 759 10600 35 11195 30 11120 115 11150 75 11470 200 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 770 10855 30 11620 30 11480 160 11510 115 11740 230 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 780 11065 25 12315 35 11880 210 11900 115 12090 180 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 790 11250 25 12670 35 12240 145 12290 105 12450 230 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 794.5 11520 25 12520 30 12590 95 12650 75 12610 280 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 799.5 12705 25 13365 35 13690 105 13450 105 12840 290 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 804 12810 60 13430 45 13810 125 13800 75 13100 280 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 810 13080 30 13695 30 14110 170 14060 80 13450 330 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 820 13170 60 13830 35 14300 210 14330 105 14030 500 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 825 13310 80 13945 45 14570 235 14570 115 14420 240 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 830 13430 45 13740 35 14830 220 14820 110 14650 70 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 834.5 13420 30 13965 30 14810 210 15070 95 14670 70 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 840 13830 35 14425 30 15490 140 15460 120 14710 70 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 854 14345 30 14880 35 16210 140 16130 125 14800 60 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 876 14645 35 15205 45 16640 155 16600 125 14940 60 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 904 14870 50 15440 60 17000 175 17010 150 15120 60 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 954 14985 35 NaN NaN 17170 150 17090 70 15450 60 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 1004 14890 60 15590 90 17020 180 17130 65 15770 60 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 1054 15040 80 15640 60 17240 175 17170 60 16090 70 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 1103 14860 80 15680 160 16980 200 17210 60 16410 80 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 1153 15080 40 16110 90 17290 135 17260 60 16730 100 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 1203 15110 60 15830 60 17330 145 17310 70 17050 110 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # JC 1253 15160 35 15720 90 17400 130 17370 80 17400 140 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN # #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) ## depth_cmbsf depth,,,cm below seafloor,,,,, ## age_14C_B-P age,benthic-planktonic foraminifera,,14C years,,,,, ## age_14C_B-P_1sd age,benthic-planktonic foraminifera,one standard deviation,14C years,,,,, ## D14C-benth_AgeMod1 Delta 14C,benthic foraminiferal 14C,,per mille,,,calculated on Age Model 1,, ## D14C-benth_AgeMod2 Delta 14C,benthic foraminiferal 14C,,per mille,,,calculated on Age Model 2,, ## D14C-plank_AgeMod2 Delta 14C,planktonic foraminiferal 14C,,per mille,,,calculated on Age Model 2,, ## ProjAge-benth_AgeMod1 Projection age,benthic foraminiferal 14C,,years ,,,calculated for benthic foraminiferal 14C relative to Intcal13 on Age Model 1,, ## ProjAge-benth_AgeMod1_1sd Projection age,benthic foraminiferal 14C,one standard deviation,years ,,,calculated for benthic foraminiferal 14C relative to Intcal13 on Age Model 1,, ## ProjAge-benth_AgeMod2 Projection age,benthic foraminiferal 14C,,years ,,,Projection age calculated for benthic foraminiferal 14C relative to Intcal13 on Age Model 2,, ## ProjAge-benth_AgeMod2_1sd Projection age,benthic foraminiferal 14C,one standard deviation,years ,,,Projection age calculated for benthic foraminiferal 14C relative to Intcal13 on Age Model 2,, ## ProjAge-plank_AgeMod2 Projection age,planktonic foraminiferal 14C,,years,,,Projection age calculated for planktonic foraminiferal 14C relative to Intcal13 on Age Model 2,, ## ProjAge-plank_AgeMod2_1sd Projection age,planktonic foraminiferal 14C,one standard deviation,years,,,Projection age calculated for planktonic foraminiferal 14C relative to Intcal13 on Age Model 2,, #------------------------ # Data # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Value: NA depth_cmbsf age_14C_B-P age_14C_B-P_1sd D14C-benth_AgeMod1 D14C-benth_AgeMod2 D14C-plank_AgeMod2 ProjAge-benth_AgeMod1 ProjAge-benth_AgeMod1_1sd ProjAge-benth_AgeMod2 ProjAge-benth_AgeMod2_1sd ProjAge-plank_AgeMod2 ProjAge-plank_AgeMod2_1sd 22 870 250 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 124 855 100 -198 -91 11 1780 160 800 140 NA NA 176 550 70 -172 -49 19 1540 110 430 90 NA NA 222 710 90 -177 -36 54 1710 140 440 120 NA NA 254 600 60 -162 -67 6 1810 140 970 130 NA NA 304 810 100 -171 -59 41 2100 140 1070 130 NA NA 356 685 80 -144 7 97 1810 140 520 140 NA NA 404 850 90 -149 -8 102 1920 150 700 140 NA NA 454 845 80 -128 18 131 1830 130 580 160 NA NA 504 780 40 -117 3 105 1590 100 560 180 NA NA 555 875 40 -132 -108 -5 1890 140 1670 210 670 210 605 655 90 -105 -79 -1 1750 150 1530 160 700 160 655 780 120 -99 -65 31 1970 150 1670 150 630 210 705 695 80 -82 -52 33 2120 150 1870 200 830 240 725 720 40 -74 -36 55 2250 90 1920 150 620 150 740 655 40 -67 -25 58 2070 90 1710 150 970 160 754 590 160 -44 4 80 1870 140 1480 230 900 260 759 595 50 -44 -6 70 1890 80 1580 200 1080 200 770 765 40 -53 -26 71 1900 120 1680 230 980 230 780 1250 40 -89 -68 89 2240 120 2050 180 810 190 790 1420 40 -86 -69 111 2720 130 2560 240 640 230 794.5 1000 40 -28 -33 96 2010 120 2050 290 720 280 799.5 660 45 -36 -105 -28 2540 110 3130 290 2240 290 804 620 80 -2 -83 -10 2280 90 2960 290 2090 290 810 615 40 -4 -75 -1 2340 90 2930 330 2160 330 820 660 70 12 -24 60 2290 120 2580 500 1720 510 825 635 90 27 9 92 2260 140 2400 250 1530 260 830 310 60 86 64 106 1690 120 1850 90 1460 90 834.5 545 40 88 37 110 1820 110 2200 90 1430 80 840 595 50 77 -16 60 2050 120 2780 80 1930 90 854 535 50 104 -60 5 1880 130 3180 70 2610 70 876 560 60 122 -82 -16 1820 140 3420 80 2800 80 904 570 80 145 -89 -22 1660 160 3500 80 2860 80 954 NA NA NA NA 4 NA NA NA NA 2660 70 1004 700 110 141 -32 56 1660 100 3000 90 2250 80 1054 600 100 139 0 77 1670 80 2720 80 2120 120 1103 820 180 139 34 145 1670 160 2450 170 1600 110 1153 1030 100 86 19 158 2120 130 2630 160 1560 110 1203 720 80 131 96 199 1700 100 1950 130 1280 130 1253 560 100 155 160 243 1540 110 1510 160 990 140