# 1000 Year Composite Sea Surface Temperature Record from the North Atlantic Ocean
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
#               World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
#                                  and
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data,
# plus the Online Resource and date accessed.
#
#
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/14193
#
# Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/cunningham2013/cunningham2013-i-comp.txt
#
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
#
# Archive:  Paleoceanography
#--------------------
# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2013-04-11
#--------------------
# Title
#	Study_Name: 1000 Year Composite Sea Surface Temperature Record from the North Atlantic Ocean
#--------------------
# Investigators
#	Investigators: Cunningham, L.K.; Austin, W.E.N.; Knudsen, K.L.; Eiríksson, J.; Scourse, J.D; Wanamaker Jr., A.D.; Butler, P.G.; Cage, A.; Richter, T.; Husum, K.; Hald, M.; Andersson C.; Zorita, A.; Linderholm, H.W.; Gunnarson, B.E.; Sicre, M.A.; Sejrup, H.P.; Jiang, H.; Wilson, R.J.S.
#--------------------
# Description_and_Notes
#   A set of reconstructions of sea surface temperature in the North Atlantic from a collection of ocean core data. Malangen Fjord δ18O of benthic foraminifera data from Hald et al., 2011; Vøring Plateau planktonic foram data from Anderson et al., 2003; Ranafjord δ18O of benthic foraminifera data from Klitgaard Kristensen et al., 2003; Norwegian Margin(P1-003MC) δ18O of planktonic foraminifera data from Sejrup et al., 2010; Norwegian Channel δ18O of benthic foraminifera data from Eiríksson et al., 2006; North Iceland Shelf Arctica islandica shell growth increments data from Wanamaker et al., 2008, 2012; Butler et al., 2013; MD99-2275 diatom data from Ran et al., 2011; MD99-2276 Alkenone data from Sicre et al.,2008,2011; Loch Sunart δ18O of benthic foraminifera data from Cage and Austin, 2010.
#
#--------------------
# Publication
#	Authors: Cunningham, L.K., Austin, W.E.N., Knudsen, K.L., Eiríksson, J., Scourse, J.D, Wanamaker Jr., A.D., Butler, P.G., Cage, A., Richter, T., Husum, K., Hald, M., Andersson C., Zorita, A., Linderholm, H.W., Gunnarson, B.E., Sicre, M.A., Sejrup, H.P., Jiang, H. and Wilson, R.J.S.
#       Published_Date_or_Year: 2013
#	Published_Title: Reconstructions of surface ocean conditions from the northeast Atlantic and Nordic seas during the last millennium.
#	Journal_Name: The Holocene
#	Volume:
#	Issue:
#	Pages:
#	DOI: 10.1177/0959683613479677
#	Abstract: We undertake the first comprehensive effort to integrate North Atlantic marine climate records for the last millennium, highlighting some key components common within this system at a range of temporal and spatial scales. In such an approach, careful consideration needs to be given to the complexities inherent to the marine system. Composites therefore need to be hydrographically constrained and sensitive to both surface water mass variability and three-dimensional ocean dynamics. This study focuses on the northeast (NE) Atlantic, particularly sites influenced by the North Atlantic Current. A composite plus regression approach is used to create an inter-regional NE Atlantic reconstruction of sea surface temperature (SST) for the last 1000 years. We highlight the loss of spatial information associated with large-scale composite reconstructions of the marine environment. Regional reconstructions of SSTs off the Norwegian and Icelandic margins are presented, along with a larger-scale reconstruction spanning the NE North Atlantic. The latter indicates that the ‘Medieval Climate Anomaly’ warming was most pronounced before ad 1200, with a long-term cooling trend apparent after ad 1250. This trend persisted until the early 20th century, while in recent decades temperatures have been similar to those inferred for the ‘Medieval Climate Anomaly’. The reconstructions are consistent with other independent records of sea-surface and surface air temperatures from the region, indicating that they are adequately capturing the climate dynamics of the last millennium. Consequently, this method could potentially be used to develop large-scale reconstructions of SSTs for other hydrographically constrained regions.
#
#---------------------
# Funding_Agency
#      Funding_Agency_Name:  European Commission MILLENNIUM Integrated Project
#      Grant:  017008
#---------------------
# Site_Information
#       Site_Name: North Iceland Shelf
#	Location: North Atlantic Ocean
#	Country:
#	Northernmost_Latitude: 66.55167
# 	Southernmost_Latitude: 66.5265
# 	Easternmost_Longitude: -17.69983
# 	Westernmost_Longitude: -18.19567
# 	Elevation:
#------------------
# Data_Collection
#	Core_Name: IcelandShelf-SST
#	First_Year: 1000
#	Last_Year: 1974
#	Time_Unit: AD
#	Core_Length:
#	Notes: Composite record derived from records I1-I3 in this study, normalised for the period 1000 - 1974 AD.
#------------------
# Variables
#
# variables format:  one per line, shortname-tab- 9 var components: what,material, error,units,season,archive,detail,method, C or N for Character or Numeric data
## age_AD  Age,,,AD,,,,,N
## SST-anom.recon	sea surface temperature anomaly,,,degrees C,,Paleoceanography,period 1000-1974 AD,reconstruction,N
#-----------------
# Data
# Missing Value -999
age_AD	SST-anom.recon
1974	-1.161
1973	-1.150
1972	-1.141
1971	-1.138
1970	-1.140
1969	-1.139
1968	-1.135
1967	-1.120
1966	-1.084
1965	-1.026
1964	-0.942
1963	-0.841
1962	-0.729
1961	-0.619
1960	-0.507
1959	-0.417
1958	-0.345
1957	-0.291
1956	-0.258
1955	-0.251
1954	-0.259
1953	-0.285
1952	-0.317
1951	-0.357
1950	-0.406
1949	-0.462
1948	-0.525
1947	-0.583
1946	-0.641
1945	-0.700
1944	-0.746
1943	-0.776
1942	-0.795
1941	-0.802
1940	-0.805
1939	-0.807
1938	-0.810
1937	-0.817
1936	-0.834
1935	-0.844
1934	-0.847
1933	-0.842
1932	-0.825
1931	-0.797
1930	-0.766
1929	-0.730
1928	-0.704
1927	-0.692
1926	-0.704
1925	-0.746
1924	-0.815
1923	-0.907
1922	-1.023
1921	-1.151
1920	-1.288
1919	-1.415
1918	-1.522
1917	-1.603
1916	-1.651
1915	-1.659
1914	-1.640
1913	-1.591
1912	-1.524
1911	-1.453
1910	-1.392
1909	-1.342
1908	-1.318
1907	-1.323
1906	-1.355
1905	-1.417
1904	-1.498
1903	-1.589
1902	-1.688
1901	-1.772
1900	-1.827
1899	-1.854
1898	-1.842
1897	-1.797
1896	-1.716
1895	-1.602
1894	-1.464
1893	-1.311
1892	-1.153
1891	-1.000
1890	-0.864
1889	-0.745
1888	-0.649
1887	-0.582
1886	-0.537
1885	-0.525
1884	-0.530
1883	-0.544
1882	-0.571
1881	-0.594
1880	-0.618
1879	-0.645
1878	-0.662
1877	-0.687
1876	-0.711
1875	-0.741
1874	-0.790
1873	-0.849
1872	-0.914
1871	-0.984
1870	-1.060
1869	-1.140
1868	-1.219
1867	-1.295
1866	-1.366
1865	-1.423
1864	-1.461
1863	-1.481
1862	-1.481
1861	-1.456
1860	-1.407
1859	-1.340
1858	-1.253
1857	-1.164
1856	-1.062
1855	-0.966
1854	-0.870
1853	-0.778
1852	-0.698
1851	-0.631
1850	-0.575
1849	-0.525
1848	-0.484
1847	-0.449
1846	-0.415
1845	-0.373
1844	-0.337
1843	-0.295
1842	-0.258
1841	-0.229
1840	-0.222
1839	-0.245
1838	-0.299
1837	-0.387
1836	-0.511
1835	-0.663
1834	-0.837
1833	-1.024
1832	-1.204
1831	-1.366
1830	-1.503
1829	-1.601
1828	-1.662
1827	-1.685
1826	-1.669
1825	-1.631
1824	-1.571
1823	-1.505
1822	-1.440
1821	-1.389
1820	-1.358
1819	-1.337
1818	-1.336
1817	-1.357
1816	-1.400
1815	-1.447
1814	-1.486
1813	-1.513
1812	-1.525
1811	-1.523
1810	-1.499
1809	-1.453
1808	-1.406
1807	-1.343
1806	-1.271
1805	-1.201
1804	-1.122
1803	-1.044
1802	-0.967
1801	-0.892
1800	-0.817
1799	-0.749
1798	-0.697
1797	-0.649
1796	-0.607
1795	-0.565
1794	-0.533
1793	-0.511
1792	-0.487
1791	-0.464
1790	-0.446
1789	-0.433
1788	-0.426
1787	-0.424
1786	-0.438
1785	-0.467
1784	-0.512
1783	-0.579
1782	-0.659
1781	-0.748
1780	-0.846
1779	-0.940
1778	-1.015
1777	-1.065
1776	-1.079
1775	-1.058
1774	-1.002
1773	-0.908
1772	-0.788
1771	-0.648
1770	-0.513
1769	-0.384
1768	-0.278
1767	-0.202
1766	-0.153
1765	-0.129
1764	-0.124
1763	-0.138
1762	-0.146
1761	-0.155
1760	-0.166
1759	-0.166
1758	-0.163
1757	-0.160
1756	-0.158
1755	-0.159
1754	-0.165
1753	-0.179
1752	-0.208
1751	-0.259
1750	-0.334
1749	-0.423
1748	-0.521
1747	-0.616
1746	-0.709
1745	-0.790
1744	-0.847
1743	-0.882
1742	-0.891
1741	-0.882
1740	-0.847
1739	-0.787
1738	-0.707
1737	-0.600
1736	-0.469
1735	-0.317
1734	-0.143
1733	0.037
1732	0.222
1731	0.392
1730	0.543
1729	0.655
1728	0.722
1727	0.729
1726	0.676
1725	0.582
1724	0.451
1723	0.296
1722	0.142
1721	-0.002
1720	-0.119
1719	-0.199
1718	-0.246
1717	-0.265
1716	-0.263
1715	-0.246
1714	-0.223
1713	-0.217
1712	-0.227
1711	-0.263
1710	-0.325
1709	-0.405
1708	-0.502
1707	-0.603
1706	-0.692
1705	-0.763
1704	-0.816
1703	-0.838
1702	-0.836
1701	-0.815
1700	-0.776
1699	-0.736
1698	-0.686
1697	-0.644
1696	-0.602
1695	-0.570
1694	-0.543
1693	-0.529
1692	-0.517
1691	-0.506
1690	-0.503
1689	-0.499
1688	-0.501
1687	-0.501
1686	-0.511
1685	-0.528
1684	-0.558
1683	-0.598
1682	-0.662
1681	-0.733
1680	-0.805
1679	-0.876
1678	-0.936
1677	-0.983
1676	-0.999
1675	-0.993
1674	-0.970
1673	-0.935
1672	-0.884
1671	-0.836
1670	-0.793
1669	-0.755
1668	-0.730
1667	-0.713
1666	-0.700
1665	-0.690
1664	-0.678
1663	-0.669
1662	-0.649
1661	-0.617
1660	-0.579
1659	-0.528
1658	-0.465
1657	-0.396
1656	-0.325
1655	-0.268
1654	-0.221
1653	-0.192
1652	-0.181
1651	-0.198
1650	-0.227
1649	-0.271
1648	-0.321
1647	-0.371
1646	-0.418
1645	-0.462
1644	-0.495
1643	-0.520
1642	-0.530
1641	-0.535
1640	-0.531
1639	-0.510
1638	-0.486
1637	-0.459
1636	-0.425
1635	-0.402
1634	-0.375
1633	-0.363
1632	-0.362
1631	-0.371
1630	-0.388
1629	-0.413
1628	-0.445
1627	-0.483
1626	-0.522
1625	-0.562
1624	-0.594
1623	-0.621
1622	-0.634
1621	-0.629
1620	-0.611
1619	-0.575
1618	-0.520
1617	-0.442
1616	-0.354
1615	-0.254
1614	-0.144
1613	-0.038
1612	0.072
1611	0.174
1610	0.276
1609	0.366
1608	0.449
1607	0.517
1606	0.571
1605	0.612
1604	0.641
1603	0.655
1602	0.659
1601	0.651
1600	0.629
1599	0.614
1598	0.593
1597	0.562
1596	0.525
1595	0.481
1594	0.412
1593	0.324
1592	0.216
1591	0.078
1590	-0.067
1589	-0.222
1588	-0.353
1587	-0.454
1586	-0.515
1585	-0.538
1584	-0.528
1583	-0.485
1582	-0.421
1581	-0.334
1580	-0.246
1579	-0.149
1578	-0.069
1577	0.011
1576	0.079
1575	0.127
1574	0.150
1573	0.144
1572	0.104
1571	0.027
1570	-0.081
1569	-0.221
1568	-0.372
1567	-0.528
1566	-0.669
1565	-0.763
1564	-0.808
1563	-0.803
1562	-0.750
1561	-0.655
1560	-0.539
1559	-0.407
1558	-0.284
1557	-0.180
1556	-0.109
1555	-0.069
1554	-0.056
1553	-0.068
1552	-0.103
1551	-0.163
1550	-0.239
1549	-0.331
1548	-0.436
1547	-0.559
1546	-0.686
1545	-0.816
1544	-0.947
1543	-1.070
1542	-1.170
1541	-1.246
1540	-1.303
1539	-1.336
1538	-1.345
1537	-1.339
1536	-1.306
1535	-1.266
1534	-1.212
1533	-1.157
1532	-1.091
1531	-1.018
1530	-0.943
1529	-0.877
1528	-0.822
1527	-0.786
1526	-0.759
1525	-0.762
1524	-0.784
1523	-0.817
1522	-0.864
1521	-0.917
1520	-0.974
1519	-1.012
1518	-1.033
1517	-1.024
1516	-0.987
1515	-0.930
1514	-0.851
1513	-0.750
1512	-0.647
1511	-0.544
1510	-0.452
1509	-0.366
1508	-0.298
1507	-0.246
1506	-0.216
1505	-0.207
1504	-0.216
1503	-0.245
1502	-0.292
1501	-0.349
1500	-0.418
1499	-0.495
1498	-0.585
1497	-0.676
1496	-0.770
1495	-0.863
1494	-0.950
1493	-1.027
1492	-1.089
1491	-1.127
1490	-1.131
1489	-1.102
1488	-1.053
1487	-0.970
1486	-0.877
1485	-0.768
1484	-0.659
1483	-0.550
1482	-0.444
1481	-0.346
1480	-0.254
1479	-0.165
1478	-0.093
1477	-0.034
1476	0.003
1475	0.019
1474	0.021
1473	0.003
1472	-0.025
1471	-0.065
1470	-0.105
1469	-0.144
1468	-0.172
1467	-0.180
1466	-0.177
1465	-0.154
1464	-0.131
1463	-0.096
1462	-0.060
1461	-0.026
1460	0.001
1459	0.027
1458	0.054
1457	0.088
1456	0.129
1455	0.179
1454	0.241
1453	0.307
1452	0.376
1451	0.436
1450	0.491
1449	0.531
1448	0.550
1447	0.557
1446	0.543
1445	0.513
1444	0.468
1443	0.410
1442	0.338
1441	0.260
1440	0.177
1439	0.091
1438	0.009
1437	-0.067
1436	-0.137
1435	-0.205
1434	-0.270
1433	-0.336
1432	-0.403
1431	-0.467
1430	-0.536
1429	-0.606
1428	-0.673
1427	-0.731
1426	-0.781
1425	-0.808
1424	-0.819
1423	-0.795
1422	-0.742
1421	-0.661
1420	-0.560
1419	-0.443
1418	-0.321
1417	-0.212
1416	-0.120
1415	-0.056
1414	-0.020
1413	-0.015
1412	-0.036
1411	-0.085
1410	-0.158
1409	-0.247
1408	-0.351
1407	-0.454
1406	-0.548
1405	-0.630
1404	-0.691
1403	-0.726
1402	-0.745
1401	-0.734
1400	-0.715
1399	-0.676
1398	-0.639
1397	-0.593
1396	-0.543
1395	-0.496
1394	-0.447
1393	-0.386
1392	-0.330
1391	-0.273
1390	-0.219
1389	-0.174
1388	-0.140
1387	-0.126
1386	-0.137
1385	-0.168
1384	-0.215
1383	-0.274
1382	-0.340
1381	-0.406
1380	-0.475
1379	-0.527
1378	-0.575
1377	-0.614
1376	-0.651
1375	-0.686
1374	-0.724
1373	-0.774
1372	-0.832
1371	-0.884
1370	-0.934
1369	-0.977
1368	-1.005
1367	-1.012
1366	-0.994
1365	-0.954
1364	-0.900
1363	-0.838
1362	-0.775
1361	-0.716
1360	-0.668
1359	-0.636
1358	-0.619
1357	-0.618
1356	-0.622
1355	-0.638
1354	-0.659
1353	-0.679
1352	-0.691
1351	-0.704
1350	-0.707
1349	-0.695
1348	-0.669
1347	-0.633
1346	-0.582
1345	-0.528
1344	-0.469
1343	-0.414
1342	-0.375
1341	-0.351
1340	-0.355
1339	-0.398
1338	-0.475
1337	-0.575
1336	-0.691
1335	-0.816
1334	-0.928
1333	-1.020
1332	-1.082
1331	-1.113
1330	-1.107
1329	-1.070
1328	-1.013
1327	-0.934
1326	-0.846
1325	-0.761
1324	-0.680
1323	-0.611
1322	-0.556
1321	-0.506
1320	-0.478
1319	-0.449
1318	-0.420
1317	-0.394
1316	-0.376
1315	-0.353
1314	-0.327
1313	-0.295
1312	-0.250
1311	-0.197
1310	-0.136
1309	-0.067
1308	0.013
1307	0.105
1306	0.199
1305	0.299
1304	0.409
1303	0.521
1302	0.636
1301	0.750
1300	0.852
1299	0.947
1298	1.023
1297	1.086
1296	1.131
1295	1.165
1294	1.179
1293	1.184
1292	1.170
1291	1.149
1290	1.115
1289	1.072
1288	1.021
1287	0.968
1286	0.917
1285	0.877
1284	0.845
1283	0.827
1282	0.832
1281	0.854
1280	0.884
1279	0.921
1278	0.956
1277	0.981
1276	0.989
1275	0.975
1274	0.935
1273	0.874
1272	0.795
1271	0.709
1270	0.619
1269	0.539
1268	0.470
1267	0.413
1266	0.369
1265	0.336
1264	0.308
1263	0.287
1262	0.260
1261	0.223
1260	0.175
1259	0.123
1258	0.063
1257	-0.002
1256	-0.060
1255	-0.102
1254	-0.121
1253	-0.101
1252	-0.040
1251	0.057
1250	0.193
1249	0.359
1248	0.537
1247	0.720
1246	0.891
1245	1.044
1244	1.183
1243	1.295
1242	1.388
1241	1.468
1240	1.544
1239	1.616
1238	1.687
1237	1.753
1236	1.817
1235	1.862
1234	1.880
1233	1.860
1232	1.800
1231	1.703
1230	1.570
1229	1.407
1228	1.232
1227	1.053
1226	0.880
1225	0.730
1224	0.600
1223	0.491
1222	0.415
1221	0.361
1220	0.331
1219	0.314
1218	0.308
1217	0.301
1216	0.290
1215	0.271
1214	0.253
1213	0.237
1212	0.231
1211	0.237
1210	0.261
1209	0.307
1208	0.380
1207	0.483
1206	0.607
1205	0.746
1204	0.886
1203	1.031
1202	1.168
1201	1.285
1200	1.374
1199	1.440
1198	1.473
1197	1.481
1196	1.468
1195	1.437
1194	1.392
1193	1.343
1192	1.293
1191	1.252
1190	1.219
1189	1.188
1188	1.171
1187	1.154
1186	1.136
1185	1.125
1184	1.704
1183	1.743
1182	1.792
1181	1.848
1180	1.909
1179	1.972
1178	2.029
1177	2.079
1176	2.118
1175	2.139
1174	2.143
1173	2.127
1172	2.092
1171	2.041
1170	1.977
1169	1.902
1168	1.820
1167	1.731
1166	1.639
1165	1.547
1164	1.455
1163	1.364
1162	1.277
1161	1.198
1160	1.127
1159	1.069
1158	1.023
1157	0.990
1156	0.972
1155	0.967
1154	0.973
1153	0.990
1152	1.012
1151	1.037
1150	1.064
1149	1.090
1148	1.111
1147	1.123
1146	1.130
1145	1.128
1144	1.120
1143	1.104
1142	1.084
1141	1.060
1140	1.035
1139	1.012
1138	0.991
1137	0.979
1136	0.972
1135	0.978
1134	0.995
1133	1.026
1132	1.071
1131	1.130
1130	1.200
1129	1.282
1128	1.372
1127	1.468
1126	1.567
1125	1.660
1124	1.748
1123	1.823
1122	1.880
1121	1.915
1120	1.927
1119	1.912
1118	1.871
1117	1.806
1116	1.718
1115	1.611
1114	1.493
1113	1.367
1112	1.239
1111	1.116
1110	1.003
1109	0.907
1108	0.831
1107	0.778
1106	0.751
1105	0.748
1104	0.773
1103	0.820
1102	0.888
1101	0.973
1100	1.069
1099	1.174
1098	1.283
1097	1.389
1096	1.492
1095	1.588
1094	1.673
1093	1.749
1092	1.813
1091	1.867
1090	1.908
1089	1.941
1088	1.964
1087	1.977
1086	1.984
1085	1.986
1084	1.983
1083	1.977
1082	1.969
1081	1.960
1080	1.951
1079	1.939
1078	1.926
1077	1.909
1076	1.887
1075	1.857
1074	1.820
1073	1.773
1072	1.717
1071	1.653
1070	1.587
1069	1.518
1068	1.449
1067	1.381
1066	1.318
1065	1.258
1064	1.203
1063	1.154
1062	1.111
1061	1.077
1060	1.052
1059	1.036
1058	1.030
1057	1.035
1056	1.049
1055	1.070
1054	1.099
1053	1.133
1052	1.172
1051	1.219
1050	1.271
1049	1.329
1048	1.392
1047	1.458
1046	1.523
1045	1.586
1044	1.640
1043	1.684
1042	1.714
1041	1.727
1040	1.724
1039	1.708
1038	1.677
1037	1.636
1036	1.585
1035	1.529
1034	1.471
1033	1.414
1032	1.361
1031	1.316
1030	1.281
1029	1.262
1028	1.264
1027	1.283
1026	1.326
1025	1.390
1024	1.473
1023	1.572
1022	1.683
1021	1.798
1020	1.913
1019	2.021
1018	2.114
1017	2.190
1016	2.246
1015	2.283
1014	2.300
1013	2.300
1012	2.289
1011	2.269
1010	2.243
1009	2.214
1008	2.187
1007	2.163
1006	2.146
1005	2.136
1004	2.133
1003	2.137
1002	2.146
1001	2.160
1000	2.175