Mid-Pliocene Atlantic Deep-Sea Krithe Ostracode Mg/Ca Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Mid-Pliocene Atlantic Deep-Sea Krithe Ostracode Mg/Ca Data LAST UPDATE: 2/2009 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Gary S. Dwyer, Duke University IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2009-012 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Cronin, T.M., et al. 2009. Mid-Pliocene Atlantic Deep-Sea Krithe Ostracode Mg/Ca Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2009-012. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Cronin, T.M., H.J. Dowsett, G.S. Dwyer, P.A. Baker, and M.A. Chandler. 2005. Mid-Pliocene deep-sea bottom-water temperatures based on ostracode Mg/Ca ratios. Marine Micropaleontology, Vol. 54, pp. 249-261. ABSTRACT: We studied magnesium:calcium (Mg/Ca) ratios in shells of the deep-sea ostracode genus Krithe from a short interval in the middle Pliocene between 3.29 and 2.97 Ma using deep-sea drilling sites in the North and South Atlantic in order to estimate bottom water temperatures (BWT) during a period of climatic warmth. Results from DSDP and ODP Sites 552A, 610A, 607, 658A, 659A, 661A and 704 for the period Ma reveal both depth and latitudinal gradients of mean Mg/Ca values. Shallower sites (552A, 610A and 607) have higher mean Mg/Ca ratios (10.3, 9.7, 10.1 mmol/mol) than deeper sites (661A, 6.3 mmol/mol), and high latitude North Atlantic sites (552A, 610 and 607) have higher Mg/Ca ratios than low latitude (658A: 9.8 mmol/mol, 659A: 7.7 mmol/mol, 661A: 6.3 mmol/mol) and Southern Ocean (704: 8.0 mmol/mol) sites. Converting Mg/Ca ratios into estimated temperatures using the calibration of Dwyer et al. (1995) [Dwyer, G.S., Cronin, T.M., Baker, P.A., Raymo, M.E., Buzas, J.S., Corre`ge, T., 1995. North Atlantic deepwater temperature change during late Pliocene and late Quaternary climatic cycles. Science 270, 1347–1351] suggests that mean middle Pliocene bottom water temperatures at the study sites in the deep Atlantic were about the same as modern temperatures. However, brief pulses of elevated BWT occurred several times between 3.29 and 2.97 Ma in both the North and South Atlantic Ocean suggesting short-term changes in deep ocean circulation. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE: Dwyer, G.S., T.M. Cronin, P.A. Baker, M.E. Raymo, J.S. Buzas, and T. Corrège. 1995. North Atlantic Deepwater Temperature Change During Late Pliocene and Late Quaternary Climatic Cycles. Science, Vol. 270, No. 5240, pp. 1347-1351, Nov. 24, 1995. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Atlantic Ocean PERIOD OF RECORD: Mid-Pliocene, 3.29 - 2.97 MMa FUNDING SOURCES: TMC and HJD were supported by the US Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Surface Dynamics (ESD) Program; GSD was supported by US National Science Foundation (NSF) Grants ATM-0323276 (Paleoclimate) and OPP-09400250 and the USGS ESD Program, and PAB was supported by NSF Grant OPP-09400250; M. Chandler was funded by NSF Grants 0323516 (Paleoclimate) and 0214400 (Earth Systems History), and NASA’s Climate Program. DESCRIPTION: Atlantic deep-sea ostracode magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca) data and Mg/Ca-based bottom-water temperatures from the Mid-Pliocene. Data from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) and Deep Sea Drilling Program (DSDP) Sites 552A, 610A, 607, 658A, 659A, 661A and 704. 552A: 56.04°N, 23.23° W, 2301m depth. 607: 41.0° N, 32.96° W, 3427m depth. 610A: 53.22°N, 18.89° W, 2417m depth. 658A: 20.75°N, 18.58° W, 2271m depth. 659A: 18.08°N, 21.3° W, 3081m depth. 661A: 9.45° N, 19.39° W, 4006m depth. 502A: 11.49°N, 79.38° W, 3051m depth. 704: 47.0° S, 7.0° E, 2532m depth. 588: 26.11°S, 161.23°E, 1533m depth. DATA: 1. Cronin et al. 2005 Krithe Ostracode Mg/Ca data Column 1: Site-Core-Section Column 2: Interval Column 3: PRISM-1Age# Column 4: PRISM2-Revised age# Column 5: Krithe species@ Column 6: Sex Column 7: Shell weight Column 8: Mg/Ca ratio ** Column 9: Mg/Ca Sample Mean Column 10: Bottom Water Temperature, C, specimen Column 11: Bottom Water Temperature, C, sample mean SiteCoreSec Int. Age AgeRev. Species@ Sex Weight Mg/Ca** Mg/CaMean BWT-spec BWTmean 588 5 3 11 2.8062 2.9240 Krithe sp. F 25 10.078 10.000 2.85689 2.78976 588 5 3 11 2.8062 2.9240 Krithe sp. F? 58 9.921 0.000 2.72263 588 5 3 100 2.8560 2.9750 Krithe sp. F 18 10.809 10.810 3.48131 3.48174 588 5 6 101 3.1163 3.2600 Krithe sp. F 35 11.783 11.780 4.31290 4.31012 607 14 1 52 2.8027 2.9200 K. trinidadensis F 8.903 8.900 1.85282 1.85060 607 14 1 60 2.8052 2.9230 K. trinidadensis F 9.529 9.777 2.38812 2.59970 607 14 1 60 2.8052 2.9230 K. morkhoveni F 10.025 0.000 2.81128 607 14 1 77 2.8105 2.9280 K. aequabilis F 10.460 10.460 3.18261 3.18284 607 14 1 90 2.8146 2.9320 K. morkhoveni F 10.132 10.655 2.90290 3.34906 607 14 1 90 2.8146 2.9320 K. trinidadensis M 11.177 0.000 3.79522 607 14 1 105 2.8186 2.9370 K. morkhoveni F 11.248 11.250 3.85544 3.85750 607 14 3 48 2.8499 2.9680 K. aquilonia F 15.6 10.384 10.380 3.11821 3.11452 607 14 3 129 2.8705 2.9900 K. morkhoveni F 59.4 10.242 9.970 2.99637 2.76403 607 14 3 129 2.8705 2.9900 K. morkhoveni F 33.3 9.698 0.000 2.53170 607 14 4 55 2.8899 3.0090 K. cf. aquilonia F 19.1 9.878 9.100 2.68619 2.02140 607 14 4 94 2.8999 3.0190 K. aquilonia F 17.9 8.331 8.330 1.36502 1.36382 607 14 5 17 2.9150 3.0350 K. morkhoveni F 9.355 9.355 2.23938 2.23938 607 14 5 23 2.9200 3.0400 K. aquilonia F 31.2 10.382 10.382 3.11591 3.11591 607 14 5 73 2.9306 3.0510 K. aquilonia F 31.8 9.002 9.002 1.93807 1.93807 607 14 5 126 2.9418 3.0620 K. aquilonia F 30.0 9.852 9.765 2.66340 2.58909 607 14 5 126 2.9418 3.0620 K. trinidadensis F 42.9 9.678 0.000 2.51478 607 14 6 24 2.9520 3.0720 K. aquilonia F 13.8 9.841 9.841 2.65388 2.65388 607 14 6 84 2.9648 3.0850 K. aquilonia F 14.9 9.279 9.280 2.17389 2.17512 607 14 7 9 2.9807 3.1010 K. morkhoveni ? 40.4 11.170 11.170 3.78923 3.78918 607 15 1 24 2.9981 3.1200 K. morkhoveni M 47.6 9.201 9.200 2.10773 2.10680 607 15 2 19 3.0360 3.1660 K. aquilonia F 29.8 10.464 10.464 3.18620 3.18620 607 15 2 68 3.0500 3.1830 K. aequabilis F 10.508 10.610 3.22344 3.31096 607 15 2 68 3.0500 3.1830 K. aequabilis M 10.713 0.000 3.39849 607 15 2 107 3.0550 3.1890 K. minima M 11.915 11.915 4.42517 4.42517 607 15 3 13 3.0737 3.2120 K. aquilonia F 29.7 10.528 10.528 3.24065 3.24065 607 15 3 68 3.0850 3.2260 K. morkhoveni F 11.014 10.643 3.65592 3.33920 607 15 3 68 3.0850 3.2260 K. dolichodeira M 10.272 0.000 3.02247 607 15 3 110 3.0900 3.2310 K. morkhoveni F 9.926 9.685 2.72710 2.52135 607 15 3 110 3.0900 3.2310 K. reversa F 9.444 0.000 2.31559 607 15 4 63 3.1250 3.2700 K. trinidadensis F 9.792 9.847 2.61236 2.65910 607 15 4 63 3.1250 3.2700 K. morkhoveni F 9.901 0.000 2.70585 607 15 4 100 3.1300 3.2750 K. morkhoveni F 9.316 9.734 2.20611 2.56294 607 15 4 100 3.1300 3.2750 K. pernoides M 10.152 0.000 2.91976 607 15 5 69 3.1500 3.2970 K. morkhoveni F 8.652 8.652 1.63845 1.63845 607 15 5 113 3.1600 3.3080 K. trinidadensis F 10.276 10.421 3.02609 3.14985 607 15 5 113 3.1600 3.3080 K. morkhoveni M 10.566 0.000 3.27360 607 15 6 7 3.1700 3.3190 K. morkhoveni M 9.838 9.739 2.65206 2.56710 607 15 6 7 3.1700 3.3190 K. pernoides M 9.640 0.000 2.48214 607 15 6 43 3.1867 3.3380 K. morkhoveni F 78.9 9.188 10.628 2.09626 3.32598 607 15 6 43 3.1867 3.3380 K. aequabilis F 26.9 11.758 0.000 4.29114 607 15 6 43 3.1867 3.3380 K. dolichodeira F 10.9 9.547 0.000 2.40342 607 15 6 43 3.1867 3.3380 K. minima F 5.4 12.018 0.000 4.51310 607 15 6 93 3.2000 3.3530 K. morkhoveni F 9.278 9.278 2.17370 2.17370 704 19 2 125 2.8000 2.9180 K. trinidadensis F 56 6.364 6.360 -0.31472 -0.31856 704 19 2 140 2.8020 2.9200 K. trinidadensis F 88 16.699 16.700 8.51081 8.51180 704 19 3 82 2.8260 2.9440 K. trinidadensis F 78 6.424 6.420 -0.26389 -0.26732 704 19 3 94 2.8290 2.9470 K. trinidadensis F 44 6.624 6.620 -0.09353 -0.09652 704 19 3 110 2.8330 2.9510 K. trinidadensis F 73 10.887 10.890 3.54784 3.55006 704 19 3 112 2.8340 2.9520 Krithe sp. M 51 7.325 7.330 0.50596 0.50982 704 19 3 128 2.8380 2.9560 K. trinidadensis M 88 6.754 6.750 0.01800 0.01450 704 19 3 140 2.8420 2.9600 K. trinidadensis F 85 6.834 6.830 0.08642 0.08282 704 19 4 34 2.8530 2.9720 K. trinidadensis F 41 5.039 5.040 -1.44628 -1.44584 704 19 4 60 2.8600 2.9790 Krithe sp. F 37 7.513 7.325 0.66624 0.50556 704 19 4 60 2.8600 2.9790 K. trinidadensis F 59 7.137 0.000 0.34488 704 19 4 66 2.8620 2.9810 K. trinidadensis F 65 7.015 7.339 0.24080 0.51769 704 19 4 66 2.8620 2.9810 Krithe sp. M 41 7.530 0.000 0.68096 704 19 4 66 2.8620 2.9810 K. trinidadensis F 85 7.472 0.000 0.63132 704 19 4 86 2.8670 2.9860 K. trinidadensis M 85 9.869 8.169 2.67839 1.22670 704 19 4 86 2.8670 2.9860 K. trinidadensis F 68 6.470 0.000 -0.22499 704 19 4 86 2.8670 2.9860 K. trinidadensis M 85 9.869 0.000 2.67839 704 19 4 86 2.8670 2.9860 K. trinidadensis F 68 6.470 0.000 -0.22499 704 19 4 124 2.8770 2.9960 K. trinidadensis F 45 6.862 6.860 0.11009 0.10844 704 19 4 140 2.8810 3.0000 Krithe sp. M 34 6.804 6.800 0.06100 0.05720 704 19 5 1 2.8840 3.0030 K. trinidadensis F 59 6.160 6.160 -0.48899 -0.48936 704 19 5 18 2.8880 3.0070 K. trinidadensis F 74 9.206 9.210 2.11232 2.11534 704 19 5 37 2.8920 3.0110 K. trinidadensis M 94 10.405 10.400 3.13579 3.13160 704 19 5 83 2.9040 3.0240 K. trinidadensis F 53 6.177 6.180 -0.47474 -0.47228 704 19 5 123 2.9160 3.0360 K. trinidadensis M 78 7.311 7.310 0.49320 0.49274 704 19 5 144 2.9210 3.0410 Krithe sp. F 41 6.785 6.790 0.04481 0.04866 704 19 6 20 2.9330 3.0530 K. trinidadensis F 55 7.003 7.000 0.23093 0.22800 704 19 6 34 2.9390 3.0590 K. trinidadensis F 65 6.839 6.840 0.09018 0.09136 704 19 6 39 2.9400 3.0600 K. trinidadensis F 61 6.689 6.690 -0.03795 -0.03674 704 19 6 50 2.9450 3.0650 K. trinidadensis F 76 13.298 13.300 5.60685 5.60820 704 19 6 60 2.9490 3.0690 K. trinidadensis M 68 6.873 6.870 0.11913 0.11698 704 19 6 63 2.9500 3.0700 Krithe sp. M 14 8.579 8.580 1.57616 1.57732 704 19 6 74 2.9550 3.0750 K. trinidadensis F 83 12.908 12.910 5.27316 5.27514 704 19 6 83 2.9580 3.0780 Krithe sp. M? 28 8.307 8.310 1.34399 1.34674 704 19 6 93 2.9630 3.0830 Krithe sp. M 52 7.487 7.490 0.64391 0.64646 704 19 6 128 2.9780 3.0980 K. trinidadensis F 70 8.944 8.037 1.88783 1.11389 704 19 6 128 2.9780 3.0980 Krithe sp. M 55 7.131 0.000 0.33996 704 19 6 140 2.9820 3.1020 Krithe sp. F 40 8.518 8.520 1.52404 1.52608 704 19 6 148 2.9860 3.1060 Krithe sp. F 57 7.558 10.020 0.70444 2.80683 704 19 6 148 2.9860 3.1060 K. trinidadensis F 71 12.482 0.000 4.90923 704 19 7 3 2.9880 3.1080 K. trinidadensis F 87 7.087 7.449 0.30249 0.61179 704 19 7 3 2.9880 3.1080 Krithe sp. F 48 7.812 0.000 0.92109 704 20 1 18 3.0270 3.1550 K. trinidadensis F 78 6.748 7.525 0.01273 0.67652 704 20 1 18 3.0270 3.1550 K. trinidadensis F 88 8.302 0.000 1.34031 704 20 1 20 3.0320 3.1610 K. trinidadensis F 85 7.250 7.192 0.44142 0.39199 704 20 1 20 3.0320 3.1610 K. trinidadensis F 87 7.134 0.000 0.34256 704 20 1 46 3.0500 3.1830 K. trinidadensis F 63 6.699 8.176 -0.02943 1.23234 704 20 1 46 3.0500 3.1830 K. trinidadensis F 98 9.654 0.000 2.49412 704 20 1 62 3.0620 3.1980 Krithe sp. F 31 7.377 7.380 0.54972 0.55252 704 20 1 68 3.0660 3.2030 K. trinidadensis F 59 6.875 7.457 0.12155 0.61865 704 20 1 68 3.0660 3.2030 K. trinidadensis M 92 8.040 0.000 1.11576 704 20 1 80 3.0730 3.2110 K. trinidadensis F 69 17.208 17.210 8.94553 8.94734 704 20 1 85 3.0760 3.2150 K. trinidadensis F 95 7.794 7.243 0.90570 0.43557 704 20 1 85 3.0760 3.2150 K. trinidadensis F 88 6.693 0.000 -0.03457 704 20 1 94 3.0830 3.2230 K. trinidadensis F 99 10.466 10.470 3.18801 3.19138 704 20 1 123 3.0950 3.2370 K. trinidadensis F 85 6.660 6.679 -0.06226 -0.04644 704 20 1 123 3.0950 3.2370 K. trinidadensis F 80 6.697 0.000 -0.03062 704 20 1 140 3.1010 3.2430 Krithe sp. M 46 7.773 7.770 0.88797 0.88558 704 20 1 143 3.1030 3.2450 K. trinidadensis F 100 6.395 6.545 -0.28875 -0.16037 704 20 1 143 3.1030 3.2450 K. trinidadensis F 65 6.696 0.000 -0.03199 704 20 2 2 3.1070 3.2500 Krithe sp. M 36 7.384 6.779 0.55583 0.03962 704 20 2 2 3.1070 3.2500 K. trinidadensis F 62 6.175 0.000 -0.47660 704 20 2 18 3.1090 3.2520 K. trinidadensis F 75 7.504 7.500 0.65876 0.65500 704 20 2 68 3.1340 3.2790 K. trinidadensis F 81 7.189 7.190 0.38952 0.39026 704 20 2 83 3.1400 3.2860 K. trinidadensis N 75 9.818 9.820 2.63481 2.63628 704 20 2 98 3.1470 3.2940 K. trinidadensis F 88 7.343 7.340 0.52123 0.51836 704 20 2 103 3.1490 3.2960 K. trinidadensis MF 99 9.503 8.587 2.36588 1.58324 704 20 2 103 3.1490 3.2960 K. trinidadensis MF 73 7.670 0.000 0.80059 704 20 2 121 3.1560 3.3040 Krithe sp. F 39 7.069 7.070 0.28679 0.28778 704 20 2 68 3.1340 3.2790 K. trinidadensis M 91 7.458 7.460 0.61923 0.62084 704 20 3 20 3.1700 3.3190 K. trinidadensis F 80 6.891 6.890 0.13496 0.13406 704 20 3 33 3.1820 3.3320 K. trinidadensis M 47 6.855 6.850 0.10388 0.09990 704 20 3 68 3.1970 3.3490 K. trinidadensis F 65 13.829 13.830 6.06036 6.06082 704 20 4 20 3.1700 3.3190 K. trinidadensis F 87 6.893 6.890 0.13678 0.13406 502C 8 3 86 2.8500 2.9690 Krithe sp. 40 7.318 7.320 0.49970 0.50128 502C 9 1 41 2.8850 3.0040 Krithe sp. 29 8.988 8.990 1.92566 1.92746 502C 9 1 146 2.9200 3.0400 Krithe sp. 34 7.853 7.850 0.95662 0.95390 502C 9 3 41 2.9950 3.1160 Krithe sp. 32 8.073 8.070 1.14456 1.14178 502A 19A 2 80 2.9500 3.0700 Krithe sp. 30 8.367 8.370 1.39579 1.39798 502A 19A 2 140 2.9800 3.1000 Krithe sp. 12 12.050 12.050 4.54063 4.54070 502A 20A 1 51 3.0300 3.1590 Krithe sp. 13 7.984 7.980 1.06871 1.06492 502A 20A 1 66 3.0350 3.1650 Krithe sp. 28 7.395 7.901 0.56509 0.99710 502A 20A 2 66 3.0750 3.2140 Krithe sp. 32 8.406 0.000 1.42911 502A 20A 3 51 3.1400 3.2860 Krithe sp. 29 8.017 8.020 1.09691 1.09908 610A 16 4 95 2.8620 2.9810 K. morkhoveni F 50 10.211 10.200 2.96987 2.96109 610A 16 4 95 2.8620 2.9810 K. dolichodeira F 20 9.785 0.000 2.60625 610A 16 4 95 2.8620 2.9810 K. pernoides F 14 10.606 0.000 3.30714 610A 16 5 18 2.8760 2.9950 K. trinidadensis F 121 7.804 7.800 0.91500 0.91120 610A 16 5 56 2.8830 3.0020 K. aquilonia F 10 8.340 8.270 1.37268 1.31294 610A 16 5 56 2.8830 3.0020 K. morkhoveni F 67 8.200 0.000 1.25320 610A 16 6 18 2.9030 3.0230 K. reversa F 53 10.782 9.879 3.45823 2.68639 610A 16 6 18 2.9030 3.0230 K. aquilonia F 10 8.975 0.000 1.91455 610A 16 6 130 2.9250 3.0450 K. minima F 26 8.280 8.280 1.32094 1.32112 610A 16 cc 12 2.9330 3.0530 K. morkhoveni M 12 9.651 9.650 2.49214 2.49110 610A 17 1 24 2.9520 3.0720 K. ayressi F 22 8.040 9.059 1.11650 1.98648 610A 17 1 24 2.9520 3.0720 K. pernoides F 16 10.078 0.000 2.85645 610A 17 1 95 2.9700 3.0900 K. morkhoveni M 20 9.774 10.107 2.59678 2.88153 610A 17 1 95 2.9700 3.0900 K. minima F 8 10.441 0.000 3.16627 610A 17 1 128 2.9780 3.0980 K. dolichodeira F 13 9.354 9.350 2.23801 2.23490 610A 17 2 17 2.9880 3.1080 K. morkhoveni M? 24 10.373 10.379 3.10848 3.11334 610A 17 2 17 2.9880 3.1080 K. morkhoveni F 33 10.423 0.000 3.15150 610A 17 2 17 2.9880 3.1080 K. minima F 8 11.356 0.000 3.94790 610A 17 2 17 2.9880 3.1080 K. ayressi F 20 10.813 0.000 3.48466 610A 17 2 17 2.9880 3.1080 K. dolichodeira F 15 9.453 0.000 2.32295 610A 17 2 17 2.9880 3.1080 K. reversa M? 50 9.853 0.000 2.66456 610A 17 2 130 3.0220 3.1490 K. morkhoveni F 51 9.543 9.540 2.39930 2.39716 610A 17 3 36 3.0380 3.1690 K. pernoides F 19 8.138 8.945 1.20003 1.88865 610A 17 3 36 3.0380 3.1690 K. ayressi F 22 9.751 0.000 2.57727 610A 17 3 64 3.0470 3.1800 K. morkhoveni F 25 10.418 10.420 3.14726 3.14868 610A 17 3 94 3.0560 3.1910 K. trinidadensis M 117 9.691 9.690 2.52620 2.52561 610A 17 3 94 3.0560 3.1910 K. dolichodeira F 15 9.690 0.000 2.52502 610A 17 3 123 3.0640 3.2000 K. morkhoveni M 25 9.928 9.930 2.72851 2.73022 610A 17 4 16 3.0770 3.2160 K. ayressi F 22 10.322 10.320 3.06482 3.06328 610A 17 4 33 3.0820 3.2220 K. ayressi F 24 9.473 9.867 2.33954 2.67665 610A 17 4 33 3.0820 3.2220 K. morkhoveni M 24 10.262 0.000 3.01377 610A 17 4 87 3.0930 3.2340 K. aquilonia F 25 10.076 9.958 2.85460 2.75455 610A 17 4 87 3.0930 3.2340 K. pernoides M 21 9.841 0.000 2.65449 610A 17 4 117 3.0990 3.2410 K. aequabilis F? 15 9.208 10.018 2.11364 2.80530 610A 17 4 117 3.0990 3.2410 K. morkhoveni M 45 10.828 0.000 3.49697 610A 17 4 143 3.1310 3.2760 K. dolichodeira F 14 10.406 10.410 3.13638 3.14014 610A 17 2 17 2.9880 3.1080 Krithe sp. F 7 9.569 9.958 2.42152 2.75386 610A 17 2 68 3.0030 3.1260 Krithe sp. F? 6 8.830 8.830 1.79083 1.79082 661A 6H 5 15 2.8500 2.9690 Krithe sp. 80 3.084 3.080 -3.11619 -3.11968 661A 6H 5 104 2.8900 3.0090 K. morkhoveni M 44 9.470 8.919 2.33738 1.86698 661A 6H 5 104 2.8900 3.0090 Krithe sp. 14 8.368 0.000 1.39657 661A 6H 6 48 2.9300 3.0500 K. morkhoveni M 69 4.810 6.939 -1.64226 0.17564 661A 6H 6 48 2.9300 3.0500 Krithe sp. 14 9.067 0.000 1.99355 661A 6H 6 70 2.9400 3.0600 Krithe sp. 11 8.743 8.740 1.71671 1.71396 661A 7H 1 105 3.0400 3.1710 Krithe sp. 13 7.195 7.200 0.39492 0.39880 661A 7H 2 143 3.1200 3.2640 Krithe sp. 13 9.427 9.430 2.30073 2.30322 661A 7H 3 40 3.1400 3.2860 Krithe sp. 12 8.611 8.610 1.60362 1.60294 661A 7H 3 64 3.1500 3.2970 Krithe sp. 81 2.904 2.900 -3.27033 -3.27340 661A 6H 7 10 2.9800 3.1000 K. morkhoveni F 65 9.050 9.050 1.97865 1.97865 661A 7H 1 59 3.0200 3.1470 K. morkhoveni M 56 8.883 5.671 1.83609 -0.90687 661A 7H 1 59 3.0200 3.1470 K. morkhoveni F 95 2.459 0.000 -3.64983 661A 7H 1 36 3.0100 3.1340 K. morkhoveni F 40 2.304 2.304 -3.78212 -3.78212 661A 7H 2 120 3.1100 3.2530 K. cf. morkhoveni F 113 2.222 2.222 -3.85208 -3.85208 661A 7H 3 64 3.1500 3.2970 K. cf. morkhoveni M 101 3.425 3.425 -2.82545 -2.82545 658A 25 4 135 Krithe sp. F 101 5.739 5.739 -0.84911 -0.84911 658A 25 6 10 K. cf. dolichodeira F 16 13.596 13.596 5.86123 5.86123 658A 25 9 91 Krithe sp. F 95 5.589 5.589 -0.97667 -0.97667 658A 26 2 95 K. pernoides F 15 11.756 11.756 4.28995 4.28995 658A 26X 2 95 Krithe sp. F 8 12.039 12.039 4.53092 4.53092 659A 10 1 111 2.9130 3.0330 K. trinidadensis M 57 7.835 17.332 0.94095 9.05138 659A 10 1 111 2.9130 3.0330 K. cf. pernoides M 12 9.497 0.000 2.36043 659A 11 1 49 3.1590 3.3070 K. morkhoveni F 47 5.767 6.741 -0.82505 0.00702 659A 11 1 49 3.1590 3.3070 K. morkhoveni F 41 5.528 0.000 -1.02935 659A 11 1 49 3.1590 3.3070 K. trinidadensis F 118 8.929 0.000 1.87547 659A 11 4 143 3.3120 3.4800 K. reversa F 45 6.466 8.116 -0.22778 1.18096 659A 11 4 143 3.3120 3.4800 K. cf. pernoides M 10 9.765 0.000 2.58969 552A 11 2 130 3.1770 3.3270 K. pernoides F 16 9.769 9.769 2.59277 2.59277 552A 11 2 53 3.1410 3.2870 K. aequabilis F 9 9.120 9.120 2.03847 2.03847 552A 11 1 108 3.0970 3.2390 K. morkhoveni F 26 11.974 11.974 4.47605 4.47605 552A 11 1 87 3.0870 3.2280 K. dolichodeira F 16 10.173 10.173 2.93794 2.93794 552A 11 1 87 3.0870 3.2280 K. morkhoveni F 72 8.708 8.708 1.68634 1.68634 552A 11 1 72 3.0770 3.2160 K. aequabilis M 11 10.938 10.668 3.59142 3.36082 552A 11 1 72 3.0770 3.2160 K. reversa F 8 10.398 0.000 3.13021 552A 10 3 127 3.0120 3.1370 K. dolichodeira F 54 7.988 7.988 1.07136 1.07136 552A 10 3 30 2.9540 3.0740 K. morkhoveni F 65 8.613 8.613 1.60582 1.60582 552A 10 2 69 2.9190 3.0390 K. pernoides M 26 9.603 9.603 2.45107 2.45107 552A 10 2 30 2.8740 2.9930 K. morkhoveni F 49 10.101 10.101 2.87603 2.87603 552A 10 2 10 2.8460 2.9650 K. morkhoveni F 57 10.460 10.460 3.18267 3.18267 552A 10 2 10 2.8310 2.9490 K. morkhoveni F 39 16.139 16.139 8.03257 8.03257 552A 10 1 130 2.8090 2.9270 K. morkhoveni F 29 10.494 10.494 3.21187 3.21187 *depth interval is upper depth of a 2 cm interval except italics = 4 cm interval **mmol/mol; 0.0009 added to Mg:Ca to correct for AA #PRISM-1 Age from Dowsett et al. 1996; PRISM2 Age Dowsett et al. 1999 Taxonomy follows Coles et al (1994): K. aequabilis Ciampo 1986 K. aquilonia Coles, Whatley, Moguilevsky 1994 K. ayressi Coles, Whatley, Moguilevsky 1994 K. dolichodeira van den Bold 1946 K. morkhoveni van den Bold 1960 K. pernoides Bornemann 1855 K. reversa van den Bold 1958 K. trinidadensis van den Bold 1958