North Icelandic Shelf Holocene Alkenone Sea Surface Temperature ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: North Icelandic Shelf Holocene Alkenone Sea Surface Temperature LAST UPDATE: 4/2011 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Bendle, J.A.P. and A. Rosell-Melé IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2011-044 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Bendle, J.A.P. and A. Rosell-Melé. 2011. North Icelandic Shelf Holocene Alkenone Sea Surface Temperature. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2011-044. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Bendle, J.A.P. and A. Rosell-Melé. 2007. High-resolution alkenone sea surface temperature variability on the North Icelandic Shelf: implications for Nordic Seas palaeoclimatic development during the Holocene. The Holocene, Vol. 17, pp. 9-24, January 2007. doi:10.1177/0959683607073269 ABSTRACT: The palaeoceanography of the northern Icelandic Shelf for the Holocene period was reconstructed from alkenone indices measured in core JR51-GC35. This contains a continuous record of Holocene sedimentation spanning 0 - 10.2 cal. kyr BP with a resolution of ~20 yr/cm. We have identified a general Holocene cooling trend that has superimposed millennial-scale oscillations of >2°C. Their timing is in close agreement with the timing of glacier advances in northern Iceland. For the later half of the Holocene, the alkenone-sea surface temperature (SST) record from JR51-GC35 correlates with proxy data for the strength of NADW formation recorded in cores south of Iceland. This is interpreted as evidence of a close connection existing between north Icelandic sea surface temperatures and the North Atlantic meridonal overturning circulation. The timing of the millennial-scale SST variability in our core off North Iceland is found to be out of phase, or anti-phased, with the SST variability of a record in the eastern Nordic Seas (MD952011). This suggests that the evolution of Holocene climate in the Nordic Seas was more complex than previously proposed; and it is likely to be caused by differential responses of the Irminger and Norwegian Currents and modulated by changes in atmospheric circulation analogous to the North Atlantic Oscillation. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE: Rosell-Melé, A., G. Eglinton, U. Pflaumann, and M. Sarnthein. 1995. Atlantic core-top calibration of the UK37 index as a sea-surface palaeotemperature indicator. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 59, 3099-107. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: North Atlantic PERIOD OF RECORD: Holocene, 10.2 KYrBP - present FUNDING SOURCE: UK Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) DESCRIPTION: Uk37' alkenone content and alkenone sea surface temperature estimates for the Holocene from Core JR51GC-35, Iceland Shelf, North Atlantic. UK37 is converted to SST using the Rosell-Melé et al. (1995) annual SST calibration that is constructed from an extensive data set of NE Atlantic and Nordic Seas core-tops. Cruise (platform): JR 51 (RRS James Clark Ross) Coring system: Gravity Date obtained: 26/8/00 Sample thickness: 1cm Sampling frequency: 4cm Sample dry weight: ca. 2g Core JR51GC-35: 66.5996°N, 17.5766°W, 420m water depth. DATA: 1. Table 2. Radiocarbon dates in cores JR51-GC35 from the North Icelandic Shelf Depth below Laboratory Material and weight (mg) 14C age ReservoirCorr. Calibrated Age d13CPDB surface(cm) code (yr BP±1s) Age(yr BP±1s) (yr BP±2s) (±0.1) 0 - 1 AA-46847 Mixed benthic forams (9) 473 ± 36 73 ± 36 70 (217 - 0) -1.5* 54 - 55 AA-53112 Unknown bivalve mollusc fragments (11.3) 1417 ± 65 1017 ± 65 948 (1100 - 832) -7.9 112 - 113 AA-53113 Gastropod mollusc fragment Buccinid? (and mixed forams) (15.2) 2621 ± 58 2221 ± 58 2310 (2424 - 2146) 1.4 168 AA-53114 Scaphopod mollusc Dentalium entails (30.2) 3706 ± 59 3306 ± 59 3620 (3783 - 3462) 0.7 214 - 215 AA-53115 Mixed benthic forams (9.2) 4612 ± 70 4212 ± 70 4826 (4980 - 4634) -1.2 276 - 277 AA-53116 Bivalve molluscs Thyasira cf sarsi (11.2) 5541 ± 44 5141 ± 44 5910 (5997 - 5852) -5.1 334 AA-53117 Gastropod mollusc Opisthobranch fragments (35.8) 6537 ± 45 6137 ± 45 7021 (7172 - 6918) -0.9 384 AA-53118 Scaphopod mollusc Dentalium entails (35) 8286 ± 50 7886 ± 50 8828 (8946 - 8628) 0.2 420 - 421.5 AA-53119 Mixed benthic forams (9.9) 9041 ± 51 8641 ± 51 9700 (9842 - 9156) -1.8 449 - 451 AA-46848 Mixed benthic forams (10) 9403 ± 58 9003 ± 58 10128 (10555 - 9810) -2.2 *Estimated d13C. 2. Bendle and Rosell-Melé 2011 North Icelandic Shelf Holocene Alkenone SST SampleName Depth-cm CalAgeBP UK37' SST(°C)ann. 3 point running average of Rosell annual Rosell SST (°C) GC35-000 0 61.87 0.36 4.55 4.55 GC35-001 1 78.13 4.51 GC35-005 5 143.17 0.33 4.46 5.65 GC35-009 9 208.21 0.39 6.85 5.76 GC35-013 13 273.26 0.36 5.98 7.18 GC35-017 17 338.3 0.42 8.73 7.22 GC35-021 21 403.34 0.38 6.94 7.01 GC35-022 22 419.6 0.34 5.36 7.26 GC35-025 25 468.38 0.45 9.5 7.43 GC35-029 29 533.42 8.45 GC35-033 33 598.46 0.41 7.4 7.23 GC35-037 37 663.5 0.39 7.05 7.02 GC35-039 39 696.02 0.38 6.59 7.33 GC35-041 41 728.54 0.43 8.34 7.47 GC35-045 45 793.58 0.38 7.49 7.91 GC35-049 49 858.62 8.41 GC35-052 52 907.4 0.44 9.33 8.37 GC35-056 56 943.47 0.4 7.41 8.37 GC35-060 60 1037.14 7.52 GC35-064 64 1130.82 0.41 7.63 7.63 GC35-068 68 1224.5 7.63 GC35-072 72 1318.17 GC35-076 76 1411.85 8.12 GC35-080 80 1505.53 0.41 8.12 8.18 GC35-084 84 1599.2 0.4 8.23 7.89 GC35-088 88 1692.88 0.39 7.31 7.77 GC35-092 92 1786.56 7.32 GC35-096 96 1880.23 0.38 7.33 8.29 GC35-100 100 1973.91 0.44 9.25 7.79 GC35-104 104 2067.59 0.38 6.79 7.4 GC35-106 106 2114.43 0.35 6.17 7.16 GC35-112 112 2254.94 0.42 8.51 7.25 GC35-116 116 2348.62 0.37 7.08 8.24 GC35-120 120 2442.3 0.45 9.12 7.99 GC35-124 124 2535.97 0.39 7.76 7.65 GC35-128 128 2629.65 0.35 6.07 6.21 GC35-132 132 2723.33 0.31 4.79 6.2 GC35-136 136 2817 0.39 7.75 5.91 GC35-140 140 2910.68 0.33 5.21 5.9 GC35-144 144 3004.36 0.32 4.74 4.97 GC35-148 148 3098.03 5.78 GC35-152 152 3191.71 0.37 6.82 7.58 GC35-156 156 3285.39 0.42 8.35 8.42 GC35-160 160 3379.06 0.45 10.09 8.24 GC35-164 164 3472.74 0.37 6.29 8.04 GC35-168 168 3566.42 0.4 7.75 7.02 GC35-172 172 3660.09 8.15 GC35-176 176 3753.77 0.42 8.55 7.19 GC35-180 180 3847.45 0.34 5.84 7.6 GC35-184 184 3941.12 0.41 8.43 7.16 GC35-188 188 4034.8 0.39 7.22 8.47 GC35-192 192 4128.48 0.45 9.76 8.99 GC35-196 196 4222.15 0.46 9.99 9.84 GC35-200 200 4315.83 0.46 9.76 9.1 GC35-204 204 4409.51 0.39 7.55 8.41 GC35-208 208 4503.19 0.4 7.91 7.74 GC35-212 212 4596.86 0.39 7.76 7.12 GC35-216 216 4690.54 0.34 5.69 7.25 GC35-220 220 4784.22 0.42 8.31 6.46 GC35-224 224 4877.89 0.33 5.38 6.16 GC35-228 228 4971.57 0.31 4.79 6.04 GC35-232 232 5065.25 0.41 7.96 6.9 GC35-236 236 5158.92 0.41 7.95 8.05 GC35-240 240 5252.6 0.42 8.24 7.75 GC35-244 244 5346.28 0.38 7.05 7.5 GC35-248 248 5439.95 0.38 7.22 7.08 GC35-252 252 5533.63 0.38 6.98 7.26 GC35-256 256 5627.31 0.39 7.57 7.51 GC35-260 260 5720.98 0.4 7.97 7.91 GC35-264 264 5814.66 0.41 8.19 8.3 GC35-268 268 5908.34 0.42 8.73 7.93 GC35-272 272 6002.01 0.37 6.88 6.79 GC35-276 276 6095.69 0.33 4.75 5.98 GC35-280 280 6189.37 0.36 6.31 5.81 GC35-284 284 6283.04 0.37 6.36 6.04 GC35-288 288 6376.72 0.35 5.45 6.26 GC35-292 292 6470.4 0.39 6.95 6.78 GC35-296 296 6564.07 0.41 7.94 7.44 GC35-300 300 6657.75 8.36 GC35-304 304 6751.43 0.43 8.78 7.8 GC35-308 308 6845.11 0.38 6.82 7.43 GC35-312 312 6938.78 0.38 6.69 6.86 GC35-318 318 7079.3 0.4 7.08 7.18 GC35-320 320 7126.14 0.42 7.78 7.35 GC35-324 324 7219.81 0.39 7.19 8.17 GC35-328 328 7313.49 0.46 9.53 8.36 GC35-332 332 7407.17 9.53 GC35-336 336 7500.84 8.2 GC35-340 340 7594.52 0.42 8.2 8.16 GC35-344 344 7688.2 0.4 8.13 8.44 GC35-348 348 7781.87 0.42 9 9.15 GC35-356 356 7969.23 0.47 10.33 9.44 GC35-360 360 8062.9 0.44 9 9.15 GC35-364 364 8156.58 0.42 8.11 8.56 GC35-368 368 8250.26 8.8 GC35-372 372 8343.93 0.47 9.49 9.72 GC35-376 376 8437.61 0.48 9.95 9.59 GC35-380 380 8531.29 0.48 9.31 9.63 GC35-384 384 8624.96 8.83 GC35-388 388 8718.64 0.45 8.35 8.35 GC35-392 392 8812.32 5.13 GC35-396 396 8906 0.35 1.9 5.84 GC35-400 400 8999.67 0.47 9.77 7.89 GC35-404 404 9093.35 0.51 11.99 10.88 GC35-408 408 9187.03 10.39 GC35-412 412 9280.7 0.44 8.79 10.22 GC35-416 416 9374.38 0.52 11.65 9.97 GC35-420 420 9468.06 0.46 9.48 10.56 GC35-424 424 9561.73 9.48 GC35-428 428 9655.41 10.79 GC35-432 432 9749.09 0.47 10.79 10.02 GC35-436 436 9842.76 0.46 9.24 9.71 GC35-440 440 9936.44 0.46 9.1 9.1 GC35-444 444 10030.12 0.45 8.97 9.17 GC35-448 448 10123.79 0.47 9.45 9.04 GC35-450 450 10170.63 0.44 8.71 9.08