# Sedimentary Geochemical Proxy Data of the Eastern Arabian Sea during the late Pliocene 
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#               World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
#                                   and
#                      NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
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# Template Version 4.0
# Encoding: UTF-8
# NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data.
# If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed.
#
# Description/Documentation lines begin with '#' followed by a space
# Data lines have no '#'
#
# NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/36573
#   Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
#
# Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-ocean-36573.json
#   Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata.
#
# Data_Type: Paleoceanography
#
# Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/5pz3-et80
#
# Science_Keywords: 
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# Resource_Links
#
# Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/behera2022/behera2022-u1456.txt
#   Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Sedimentary Geochemical Proxy Data
#
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# Contribution_Date
#   Date: 2022-06-15
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# File_Last_Modified_Date
#   Date: 2023-03-10
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# Title
#   Study_Name: Sedimentary Geochemical Proxy Data of the Eastern Arabian Sea during the late Pliocene 
#---------------------------------------
# Investigators
#   Investigators: Behera, P; Tiwari, M; Kumar, V; Sarathchandraprasad, T; Tripathi, S.
#---------------------------------------
# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#   Description: Sedimentary geochemical proxies (d15N,TN,d13C,TOC) from eastern Arabian Sea spanning late Pliocene (3.4 to 2.7 Ma)
#   
#   dataID	dataset ID  NOTE: This field is used to tie the data's metadata to the data. This value will be the column header in the data table
#   FullDataSetCode	A name for the data collection
#   archiveType	archive or data type of the collection
#   latitude	latitude of site in decimal degrees North
#   longitude	longitude of site in decimal degrees East
#   elevation	elevation of site in meters
#   startYear	start year in years CE
#   endYear	end year in years CE
#   Citation	citation text or DOI for original publication source of data
#   Original_Source_Data_URL	Original Source URL or DOI(if available) for the data presented here
#   variable_used	Variable from original source that is being used
#   date_accessed	Date the original source data was acquired
#   notes	Any additional information about the use of the record that is not covered in the fields above
#   
#   dataID	FullDataSetCode	archiveType	latitude	longitude	elevation	startYear	endYear	Citation	Original_Source_Data_URL	variable_used	data_accessed	notes
#   ID1	[ID1]_U1456_d15N	Sediment core	16.62	68.84	-3650	3400000	2600000			delta 15N	11/30/2018	
#   ID2	[ID2]_U1456_TN	Sediment core	16.62	68.84	-3650	3400000	2600000			TN	11/30/2018	
#   ID3	[ID3]_U1456_d13C	Sediment core	16.62	68.84	-3650	3400000	2600000			delta 13C	12/13/2018	
#   ID4	[ID4]_U1456_TOC	Sediment core	16.62	68.84	-3650	3400000	2600000			TOC	12/13/2018	
#   
#         Provided Keywords: Arctic Sea Ice Extent, IODP, Denitrification, Teleconnection, Monsoon, Pliocene
#---------------------------------------
# Publication
#   Authors: Padmasini Behera, Manish Tiwari, Vikash Kumar, T. Sarathchandraprasad, Shubham Tripathi
#   Published_Date_or_Year: 2022-09-01
#   Published_Title: South Asian Monsoon variability and Arctic sea ice extent linkages during the late Pliocene 
#   Journal_Name: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
#   Volume: 37
#   Edition: 
#   Issue: 9
#   Pages: 
#   Report_Number: e2022PA004436
#   DOI: 10.1029/2022PA004436
#   Online_Resource: 
#   Full_Citation: 
#   Abstract: The influence of a warming-induced reduction in Arctic sea ice extent (SIE) on the South Asian monsoon (SoAM) is not well understood. The mid-Piacenzian Warm Period (MPWP, 3.264 to 3.025 million years ago, Ma), the most recent warm climate event when the Earth’s CO2 levels were similar to the present, is considered an analog for future global warming. We present a multi-proxy high-resolution record of SoAM variability during the late Pliocene (~3.4 to 2.7 Ma) using denitrification, productivity, weathering, and terrestrial influx proxies from the eastern Arabian Sea (IODP Expedition 355). The proxy-based SoAM reconstruction is independently verified using a hybrid model-proxy dataset (Oscillayers). We identify two distinct intervals of monsoon intensification - during the MPWP and at 2.9 Ma. The SoAM variability appears to result from an interplay between dynamic (Insolation, Arctic SIE variability, and southern tropical Indian Ocean surface temperature variability due to Indonesian Throughflow changes) and thermodynamic effects (global temperature change due to pCO2variability). Using a late Pliocene Arctic spring sea ice concentration reconstruction, we find that lower (higher) Arctic SIE leads to stronger (weaker) late Pliocene SoAM via asymmetric interhemispheric energy export and through modulating jet stream flow and meridional circulation. Our finding of strengthened SoAM during the MPWP corroborates model results and implies that more intense precipitation is expected over South Asia with continued climate warming. 
#---------------------------------------
# Funding_Agency
#   Funding_Agency_Name: Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES)
#   Grant: 248793
#---------------------------------------
# Funding_Agency
#   Funding_Agency_Name: Research Council of Norway
#   Grant: 223259
#---------------------------------------
# Site_Information
#   Site_Name: IODP U1456
#   Location: Arabian Sea
#   Northernmost_Latitude: 16.62
#   Southernmost_Latitude: 16.62
#   Easternmost_Longitude: 68.84
#   Westernmost_Longitude: 68.84
#   Elevation_m: -3650
#---------------------------------------
# Data_Collection
#   Collection_Name: U1456_geochem_behera2022
#   First_Year: 3400000
#   Last_Year: 2700000
#   Time_Unit: calendar year before present
#   Core_Length_m: 365.25
#   Parameter_Keywords: geochemistry
#   Notes: 
#---------------------------------------
# Chronology_Information 
# Chronology: 
#---------------------------------------
# Variables
# PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf
#   PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format.
#
# Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data)
#
## Year	Age ,,,million years ago,,Paleoceanography,,,N,
## d15N	delta 15N,,,per mil PDB,,Paleoceanography,,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,
## TN	nitrogen ,,,percent,,Paleoceanography,,Elemental Analysis,N,total nitrogen (TN)
## d13C	delta 13C,,,per mil PDB,,Paleoceanography,,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,
## TOC	organic carbon,,,percent,,Paleoceanography,,Elemental Analysis,N,total organic carbon (TOC)
#------------------------
# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing_Values: NaN
Year	d15N	TN	d13C	TOC
2.6811	7.84	0.087	-20.29	0.502
2.6865	8.88	0.080	-20.63	0.500
2.6922	8.28	0.105	-19.95	0.800
2.6977	7.98	0.117	-20.19	1.072
2.7032	7.90	0.122	-20.32	1.230
2.7087	8.10	0.118	-20.17	1.217
2.7142	8.15	0.108	-20.11	1.071
2.7198	8.07	0.117	-19.97	1.104
2.7265	8.04	0.106	-20.08	1.120
2.7360	6.56	0.123	-20.10	1.627
2.7416	7.83	0.078	NaN	NaN
2.7471	7.51	0.082	-20.21	0.641
2.7526	7.48	0.080	-20.17	0.544
2.7578	6.94	0.095	-18.71	1.145
2.7634	7.54	0.096	-18.82	1.159
2.7689	7.10	0.085	-19.06	1.051
2.7770	6.90	0.089	-18.63	1.101
2.7825	7.01	0.088	-18.42	1.068
2.7881	7.36	0.096	-18.68	1.141
2.7939	4.93	0.113	-18.45	1.049
2.7994	6.29	0.073	-19.05	0.965
2.8006	7.79	0.079	-18.88	0.639
2.8061	7.53	0.143	-19.42	1.572
2.8122	7.50	0.087	-20.01	0.494
2.8181	7.91	0.114	-18.26	1.132
2.8237	6.88	0.140	-19.91	1.812
2.8292	6.75	0.099	-19.66	0.552
2.8353	7.50	0.107	-19.16	1.137
2.8663	7.54	0.121	-19.19	1.018
2.8725	8.26	0.101	-17.70	0.978
2.8783	7.65	0.098	-18.27	0.738
2.8840	7.67	0.069	-18.76	0.533
2.8895	7.41	0.096	-18.43	0.701
2.8960	7.92	0.120	-18.63	1.193
2.9003	7.97	0.129	-18.40	1.304
2.9058	5.44	0.113	-18.45	0.913
2.9116	7.71	0.090	-18.37	0.934
2.9168	7.49	0.085	-18.42	1.021
2.9306	4.69	0.040	-21.89	0.323
2.9364	4.98	0.050	-20.91	0.357
2.9419	4.47	0.051	-21.10	0.344
2.9475	4.67	0.044	-21.26	0.371
2.9541	4.73	0.046	-19.33	0.615
2.9589	4.22	0.061	-20.53	0.670
2.9955	5.34	0.056	-20.71	0.411
3.0020	5.27	0.046	-22.17	0.390
3.0072	4.54	0.040	-21.99	0.337
3.0100	5.89	0.066	-21.42	0.436
3.0173	5.06	0.066	-21.22	0.367
3.0228	5.23	0.055	-21.36	0.437
3.0285	5.06	0.059	-21.53	0.414
3.0340	5.27	0.059	-21.39	0.419
3.0402	5.21	0.063	-21.56	0.425
3.0463	5.29	0.060	-21.11	0.404
3.0527	5.26	0.058	-21.58	0.397
3.0585	5.38	0.060	-21.28	0.368
3.0642	8.40	0.096	-20.02	0.747
3.0701	7.95	0.101	-20.87	0.884
3.0744	8.16	0.068	-21.39	0.652
3.0802	7.09	0.073	-20.16	0.623
3.0857	7.67	0.074	-21.36	0.450
3.1099	8.10	0.108	-20.34	0.839
3.1154	8.04	0.114	-19.67	1.149
3.1209	8.26	0.085	-18.12	0.900
3.1264	8.37	0.089	-18.11	0.901
3.1324	7.56	0.083	-20.21	0.584
3.1394	8.46	0.083	-20.82	0.550
3.1449	9.05	0.073	-20.52	0.540
3.1503	8.04	0.073	-20.61	0.542
3.1561	6.89	0.073	-21.33	0.436
3.1616	8.12	0.077	-21.43	0.559
3.1680	7.36	0.071	-20.40	0.509
3.1738	7.34	0.114	-20.01	1.230
3.1804	8.24	0.081	-20.88	0.674
3.1862	8.53	0.080	-20.59	0.554
3.1925	8.37	0.089	-19.32	0.825
3.1985	7.43	0.067	-20.71	0.361
3.2048	7.92	0.069	-20.56	0.438
3.2108	7.79	0.056	-19.50	0.541
3.2170	7.51	0.073	-19.54	0.450
3.2224	4.64	0.064	-21.03	0.386
3.2425	5.29	0.057	-21.39	0.396
3.2482	5.51	0.053	-21.32	0.407
3.2544	4.92	0.067	-21.08	0.400
3.2609	4.95	0.059	-21.45	0.405
3.2662	4.64	0.061	-21.39	0.414
3.2718	4.66	0.055	-21.67	0.405
3.2773	4.97	0.053	-21.61	0.411
3.2839	5.23	0.059	-21.54	0.397
3.2893	4.94	0.060	-21.48	0.412
3.2949	4.80	0.061	-22.59	0.462
3.3013	4.99	0.060	-21.73	0.382
3.3071	5.41	0.062	-22.18	0.432
3.3126	4.94	0.065	-21.43	0.396
3.3183	4.48	0.062	-21.75	0.411
3.3239	4.71	0.069	-21.55	0.403
3.3297	5.39	0.056	-21.80	0.376
3.3362	5.14	0.057	-21.35	0.404
3.3416	5.38	0.056	-21.69	0.401
3.3477	5.70	0.053	-21.56	0.372
3.3535	5.39	0.060	-22.06	0.370
3.3588	5.40	0.059	-22.25	0.402
3.3646	5.61	0.061	-21.90	0.376
3.3706	5.44	0.064	-23.59	0.460
3.3925	5.45	0.068	-21.82	0.348
3.3947	5.96	0.069	-21.52	0.357
3.3974	5.87	0.058	-21.37	0.334
3.3996	6.53	0.057	-21.52	0.358