# Paleo-pCO2 Database Southeast Germany Oligocene Stomata CO2 Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23572 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/roth-nebelsick2014stomata.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Forcing # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: carbon dioxide #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2018-03-09 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2020-02-25 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Paleo-pCO2 Database Southeast Germany Oligocene Stomata CO2 Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Roth-Nebelsick, A.; Oehm,C.; Grein, M.; Utescher, T.; Kunzmann, L.; Friedrich, J.P.; Konrad, W. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Paleo-CO2 derived from fossil plant stomata collected in southeast Germany, contributed to the Paleo-pCO2 Database. # File updated February 2020 - new Paleo-pCO2 Database format # # Evaluation of error margin: # With the introduction of the model approach (Konrad et al. 2008, Journal of Theoretical Biology 253, 638-658), the most “critical“ input parameters were identified. # Critical parameters have the widest uncertainty ranges and the strongest influence on the results. # These are # relative humidity # temperature T (of growing season)) # q # Ci/Ca # Environmental parameters are obtained by paleoclimate reconstruction, via coexistence approach and/or leaf margin analysis. The results are ranges. # q is obtained by measurement and literature values of extant relatives of the fossil taxon. Here, also ranges are the result. # Ci/Ca is calculated from carbon isotopes of the fossil material. The result is a mean with standard deviation. # To approximate the error margin, the critical parameters were varied systematically: for each, the lowest and the highest value was inserted. # While for q and environment this corresponds to the lower and upper end of the ranges, it is for Ci/Ca the mean plus and minus standard deviation. # # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Anita Roth-Nebelsick, Christoph Oehm, Michaela Grein, Torsten Utescher, Lutz Kunzmann, Jan-Peter Friedrich, Wilfried Konrad # Published_Date_or_Year: 2014-07-01 # Published_Title: Stomatal density and index data of Platanus neptuni leaf fossils and their evaluation as a CO2 proxy for the Oligocene # Journal_Name: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology # Volume: 206 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 1-9 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2014.03.001 # Online_Resource: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034666714000359 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Platanus neptuni (Ettingshausen) Buzek, Holy and Kvacek is a deciduous and preferentially azonal taxon of temperate to warm-temperate vegetation in Europe from the Late Eocene to the Late Miocene. The high fossilization potential of its leaves and easily identifiable stomata and epidermal cells make P. neptuni an excellent source of stomatal data that can be utilized as a CO2 proxy. Moreover, it was found in former studies that CO2 data based on stomatal frequency data of P. neptuni overlapped to a high degree with CO2 results which are provided by other, contemporaneous taxa. In this study, the stomatal CO2 signal of P. neptuni is expanded to include the early Oligocene and is analyzed in more detail with three aims: 1) to evaluate the CO2 signal of P. neptuni stomatal data, 2) to check SI and SD data of P. neptuni for consistency, and 3) to contribute additional terrestrial CO2 data to the Oligocene record. During the Oligocene, full scale Antarctic glaciation occurred, punctuated by various distinct glaciation events. There is evidence that Oligocene glaciation was coupled to atmospheric CO2 level. Presently, the main proxy sources for Oligocene CO2 levels are alkenones and boron-isotope data, both obtained from marine sediments. Since P. neptuni is an extinct taxon, CO2 was reconstructed by using an ecophysiological modeling approach to plant gas exchange which utilizes various other data in addition to stomatal density. Material was considered from sites which are dated to the following time intervals: early Oligocene - 33.9 to 32 Ma, late Oligocene - 27 to 26.2 Ma and 25.3 to 23 Ma, and latest Oligocene - around 24 Ma. Comparison of raw SI and SD data of P. neptuni revealed partially conflicting results, with the SD data indicating a decrease in CO2 from the early to the late Oligocene whereas SI data indicate an increase. In contrast, CO2 results calculated with the gas exchange model indicate relatively stable CO2 for the considered time intervals, with levels of about 400 ppm. The reconstructed CO2 data points are similar to other proxy data and are consistent with the general climate development during the Oligocene. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Southeast Germany # Location: Europe>Western Europe>Germany # Country: Germany # Northernmost_Latitude: 51.48 # Southernmost_Latitude: 51.12 # Easternmost_Longitude: 14.59 # Westernmost_Longitude: 12.31 # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Roth-Nebelsick2014stomata # Earliest_Year: 33450000 # Most_Recent_Year: 23800000 # Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # REFERENCE AND CONTACT INFORMATION SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION AGE CONSTRAINTS TAXONOMIC INFORMATION COUNTING STOMATAL AND OTHER ANATOMICAL DATA d13C DATA BIOCHEMICAL DATA FROM EXTANT RELATIVE SPECIES PALEOCLIMATE INPUT DATA RESULTS proxy first_author_last_name publication_year doi age_ka Age_uncertainty_pos_ka Age_uncertainty_neg_ka CO2_ppm CO2_uncertainty_pos_ppm CO2_uncertainty__neg_ppm Name of individual entering the data Contact email Reference of the data product DOI link to reference Citation Sample namea "Sample Repository" Location "Geologic Formation" Stratigraphic level Age (Ma) "Age uncertainty, old (Ma)" "Age uncertainty, young (Ma)" Age scale (GTS20XX) How was age determined? "Latitude, present-day (decimal degrees)" "Longitude, present-day (decimal degrees)" Family Genus Species "Counting Method (Image, microscope)" "Counting box dimensions (µm × µm)" Number of countsa Stomatal density SD [1/mm2] 2s uncertainty Stomatal pore length SL [µm] 2s uncertainty Stomatal pore depth [µm] (derived from guard cell width) 2s uncertainty Maximum aperture width [µm] derived from pore length/2 2s uncertainty Thickness of assimilating tissue [µm] own measurements or estimation from literatureb if own measurements: 2s uncertainty Reference for thickness of assimilating tissue Porosity of leaf tissueb [-] Reference for porosity of leaf tissue Tortuosity of leaf tissueb [-] Reference for tortuosity of leaf tissue Leaf length estimated [mm] d13C atmosphere calculated from marine carbonates [‰] Reference for d13C atmosphere calculated from marine carbonates d13C plant material [‰] 2s uncertainty Ci/Ca from d13C [-] 2s uncertainty Mean q (=Vcmax) [µmol*m-2*s-1] range of values as derived from literatureb Min q (=Vcmax) [µmol*m-2*s-1] Max q (=Vcmax) [µmol*m-2*s-1] References for q Rd25 [µmol*m-2*s-1] as derived from literatureb Reference for Rd25 Paleoclimate reconstruction used for estimating air temperature range during vegetation period Reference for method for estimating air temperature range during vegetation period Mean T of vegetation period [°C] range of values as derived from paleoclimate reconstruction Min T of vegetation period [°C] Max T of vegetation period [°C] Paleoclimate reconstruction used for estimating relative humidity during vegetation period Reference for relative humidity Mean relative humidity of vegetation period [%] Min relative humidity of vegetation period [%] Max relative humidity of vegetation period [%] Wind speed [m/s] Estimation O2 of air [ppm] Reference for O2 CO2 mean from resulting CO2 range [ppm] Min CO2 [ppm] Max CO2 [ppm] stomata-konrad-OM Roth-Nebelsick 2014 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2014.03.001 33450 450 450 383 144 143 Anita Roth-Nebelsick anita.rothnebelsick@smns-bw.de 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2014.03.001 "Roth-Nebelsick A., Oehm C., Grein M., Utescher T., Kunzmann L., Friedrich J.-P. & Konrad W. (2014) Stomatal density and index data of Platanus neptuni leaf fossils and their evaluation as a CO2 proxy for the Oligocene. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 206, 1-9" "SchleMO68/94,SchleMO77/94, SchleMO80/94,SchleMO93/94,SchleMO96/94,SchleMO104/94,SchleMO106/94,SchleMO110/94,SchleMO115/94,SchleMO119/94,SchleMO135/94,SchleMO2/98,SchleMO43/94,SchleMO13/94,SchleMO15/94,SchleMO16/94,Schle/T23-T25/27 " Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden Schleenhain open cast mining Böhlen Formation Gröbers Member 33.45 33.9 33 GTS2012 "Lithostratigraphy, Palyno-Stratigraphy" 51.12 12.36 Platanaceae Platanus Platanus neptuni microscope 300 x 300 17 leaves 81 23 14.1 1.4 17.1 1.3 7.1 1.4 56.9 4.4 "Grein M., Oehm C., Konrad W., Utescher T., Kunzmann L. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2013) Atmospheric CO2 from the late Oligocene to early Miocene based on photosynthesis data and fossil leaf characteristics. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 374, 41-51" 0.33 "Grein M., Konrad W., Wilde V., Utescher T. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011) Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309, 383-391" 1.571 "Grein M., Konrad W., Wilde V., Utescher T. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011) Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309, 383-391" 130 -6 "Tipple et al., 2010 (10.1029/2009PA001851)" -25.87 0.9 0.71 0.04 40 24 56 "Roth-Nebelsick A., Oehm C., Grein M., Utescher T., Kunzmann L., Friedrich J.-P. & Konrad W. (2014) Stomatal density and index data of Platanus neptuni leaf fossils and their evaluation as a CO2 proxy for the Oligocene. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 206, 1-9" 1 "Grein M., Oehm C., Konrad W., Utescher T., Kunzmann L. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2013) Atmospheric CO2 from the late Oligocene to early Miocene based on photosynthesis data and fossil leaf characteristics. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 374, 41-51" Coexistence approach "Grein M., Konrad W., Utescher T., Wilde V. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011a) Reconstruction of the middle Eocene climate of Messel using palaeobotanical data. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, 260, 305-318" 17.7 15.9 19.5 Coexistence approach "Roth-Nebelsick A., Oehm C., Grein M., Utescher T., Kunzmann L., Friedrich J.-P. & Konrad W. (2014) Stomatal density and index data of Platanus neptuni leaf fossils and their evaluation as a CO2 proxy for the Oligocene. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 206, 1-9" 77 77 77 1 210000 383 240 527 stomata-konrad-OM Roth-Nebelsick 2014 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2014.03.001 26500 500 500 394 122 121 Anita Roth-Nebelsick anita.rothnebelsick@smns-bw.de 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2014.03.001 "Roth-Nebelsick A., Oehm C., Grein M., Utescher T., Kunzmann L., Friedrich J.-P. & Konrad W. (2014) Stomatal density and index data of Platanus neptuni leaf fossils and their evaluation as a CO2 proxy for the Oligocene. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 206, 1-9" "KS207/93,KS52-63/72,KS375-3577/72,KS115/92,KS82-83/93,KS236-237/93,KS29/95" Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden Kleinsaubernitz Guttau Group 26.5 27 26 GTS2012 "Lithostratigraphy, Palyno-Stratigraphy" 51.27 14.59 Platanaceae Platanus Platanus neptuni microscope 300 x 300 7 leaves 105 51 14.2 2.2 14.4 2.3 7.1 2.2 56.9 4.4 "Grein M., Oehm C., Konrad W., Utescher T., Kunzmann L. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2013) Atmospheric CO2 from the late Oligocene to early Miocene based on photosynthesis data and fossil leaf characteristics. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 374, 41-51" 0.33 "Grein M., Konrad W., Wilde V., Utescher T. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011) Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309, 383-391" 1.571 "Grein M., Konrad W., Wilde V., Utescher T. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011) Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309, 383-391" 130 -6.39 "Tipple et al., 2010 (10.1029/2009PA001851)" -27.09 0.53 0.75 0.02 40 24 56 "Roth-Nebelsick A., Oehm C., Grein M., Utescher T., Kunzmann L., Friedrich J.-P. & Konrad W. (2014) Stomatal density and index data of Platanus neptuni leaf fossils and their evaluation as a CO2 proxy for the Oligocene. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 206, 1-9" 1 "Grein M., Oehm C., Konrad W., Utescher T., Kunzmann L. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2013) Atmospheric CO2 from the late Oligocene to early Miocene based on photosynthesis data and fossil leaf characteristics. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 374, 41-51" Coexistence approach "Grein M., Konrad W., Utescher T., Wilde V. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011a) Reconstruction of the middle Eocene climate of Messel using palaeobotanical data. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, 260, 305-318" 18.4 15.9 20.9 Coexistence approach "Roth-Nebelsick A., Oehm C., Grein M., Utescher T., Kunzmann L., Friedrich J.-P. & Konrad W. (2014) Stomatal density and index data of Platanus neptuni leaf fossils and their evaluation as a CO2 proxy for the Oligocene. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 206, 1-9" 75.5 75 76 1 210000 394 273 516 stomata-konrad-OM Roth-Nebelsick 2014 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2014.03.001 25000 500 500 453 166 166 Anita Roth-Nebelsick anita.rothnebelsick@smns-bw.de 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2014.03.001 "Roth-Nebelsick A., Oehm C., Grein M., Utescher T., Kunzmann L., Friedrich J.-P. & Konrad W. (2014) Stomatal density and index data of Platanus neptuni leaf fossils and their evaluation as a CO2 proxy for the Oligocene. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 206, 1-9" "BOB 3/05,BOB 4/05,BOB 7/05,BOB 17/05,BOB 30/05,BOB 31/05,BOB 33/05,BOB 34/05,BOB 43/05,BOB 47/05,BOB 56/05,BOB 60/05,BOB 61/05,BOB 62/05,BOB 63/05,BOB 64/05,BOB 66/05,BOB 67/05,BOB 69/05,BOB 71/05,BOB 73/05,BOB 75/05,BOB 76/05,BOB 77/05,BOB 78/05,BOB 83/05,BOB 21/81,BOB 24-28/81,BOB 43/83,BOB 44/83,BOB 45/83,BOB 46/83,BOB 47/83,BOB 50-51/83,BOB 53/83,BOB 56-57/83,BOB 58-59/83,BOB 4-5/84,BOB 6/84,BOB II 8/86,BOB II 9-10/86,BOB I 11/86,BOB I 12/86,BOB II 13/86,BOB II 14/86,BOB II 17/86,BOB 18-19/86,BOB 16/88,BOB 17/88,BOB 18/88,BOB 19-20/88,BOB 21/88,BOB 30/88,BOB 31/88,BOB 32/88" Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden BornaOst/Bockwitz Open cast mining Cottbus Formation Thierbach member 25 25.5 24.5 GTS2012 "Lithostratigraphy, Palyno-Stratigraphy" 51.12 12.54 Platanaceae Platanus Platanus neptuni microscope 300 x 300 55 leaves 100 32 14.8 1.7 13.7 1.5 7.4 1.2 56.9 4.4 "Grein M., Oehm C., Konrad W., Utescher T., Kunzmann L. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2013) Atmospheric CO2 from the late Oligocene to early Miocene based on photosynthesis data and fossil leaf characteristics. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 374, 41-51" 0.33 "Grein M., Konrad W., Wilde V., Utescher T. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011) Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309, 383-391" 1.571 "Grein M., Konrad W., Wilde V., Utescher T. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011) Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309, 383-391" 130 -6.21 "Tipple et al., 2010 (10.1029/2009PA001851)" -26.95 0.72 0.75 0.03 40 24 56 "Roth-Nebelsick A., Oehm C., Grein M., Utescher T., Kunzmann L., Friedrich J.-P. & Konrad W. (2014) Stomatal density and index data of Platanus neptuni leaf fossils and their evaluation as a CO2 proxy for the Oligocene. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 206, 1-9" 1 "Grein M., Oehm C., Konrad W., Utescher T., Kunzmann L. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2013) Atmospheric CO2 from the late Oligocene to early Miocene based on photosynthesis data and fossil leaf characteristics. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 374, 41-51" Coexistence approach "Grein M., Konrad W., Utescher T., Wilde V. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011a) Reconstruction of the middle Eocene climate of Messel using palaeobotanical data. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, 260, 305-318" 17.8 15.1 20.6 Coexistence approach "Roth-Nebelsick A., Oehm C., Grein M., Utescher T., Kunzmann L., Friedrich J.-P. & Konrad W. (2014) Stomatal density and index data of Platanus neptuni leaf fossils and their evaluation as a CO2 proxy for the Oligocene. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 206, 1-9" 73.5 71 76 1 210000 453 287 619 stomata-konrad-OM Roth-Nebelsick 2014 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2014.03.001 24000 1000 1000 574 109 109 Anita Roth-Nebelsick anita.rothnebelsick@smns-bw.de 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2014.03.001 "Roth-Nebelsick A., Oehm C., Grein M., Utescher T., Kunzmann L., Friedrich J.-P. & Konrad W. (2014) Stomatal density and index data of Platanus neptuni leaf fossils and their evaluation as a CO2 proxy for the Oligocene. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 206, 1-9" "DL 70/88,DL 71/88,DL 76/88,DL 77/88,DL 82/88,DL 84/88,DL 85/88,DL 87/88,DL 88/88,DL 96/88,DL 97/88,DL 114/88,DL 121/88,DL 144/88,DL 145/88 " Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden Delitzsch Open cast mining Glimmersand Mb. 24 25 23 GTS2012 "Lithostratigraphy, Palyno-Stratigraphy" 51.48 12.31 Platanaceae Platanus Platanus neptuni microscope 300 x 300 15 leaves 94 13 13.6 0.7 16 1 6.8 0.7 56.9 4.4 "Grein M., Oehm C., Konrad W., Utescher T., Kunzmann L. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2013) Atmospheric CO2 from the late Oligocene to early Miocene based on photosynthesis data and fossil leaf characteristics. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 374, 41-51" 0.33 "Grein M., Konrad W., Wilde V., Utescher T. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011) Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309, 383-391" 1.571 "Grein M., Konrad W., Wilde V., Utescher T. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011) Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309, 383-391" 130 -6.21 "Tipple et al., 2010 (10.1029/2009PA001851)" -27.22 0.36 0.76 0.02 40 24 56 "Roth-Nebelsick A., Oehm C., Grein M., Utescher T., Kunzmann L., Friedrich J.-P. & Konrad W. (2014) Stomatal density and index data of Platanus neptuni leaf fossils and their evaluation as a CO2 proxy for the Oligocene. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 206, 1-9" 1 "Grein M., Oehm C., Konrad W., Utescher T., Kunzmann L. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2013) Atmospheric CO2 from the late Oligocene to early Miocene based on photosynthesis data and fossil leaf characteristics. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 374, 41-51" Coexistence approach "Grein M., Konrad W., Utescher T., Wilde V. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011a) Reconstruction of the middle Eocene climate of Messel using palaeobotanical data. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, 260, 305-318" 20.15 17.9 22.4 Coexistence approach "Roth-Nebelsick A., Oehm C., Grein M., Utescher T., Kunzmann L., Friedrich J.-P. & Konrad W. (2014) Stomatal density and index data of Platanus neptuni leaf fossils and their evaluation as a CO2 proxy for the Oligocene. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 206, 1-9" 74 74 74 1 210000 574 465 683 stomata-konrad-OM Roth-Nebelsick 2014 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2014.03.001 23800 700 800 440 184 183 Anita Roth-Nebelsick anita.rothnebelsick@smns-bw.de 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2014.03.001 "Roth-Nebelsick A., Oehm C., Grein M., Utescher T., Kunzmann L., Friedrich J.-P. & Konrad W. (2014) Stomatal density and index data of Platanus neptuni leaf fossils and their evaluation as a CO2 proxy for the Oligocene. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 206, 1-9" "Wz 194-196/88,Wz 214/88,Wz 226/88,Wz 239/88,Wz 248/88,Wz 255/88,Wz 266/88" Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden Witznitz Open cast mining Cottbus Formation Thierbach member 23.8 24.5 23 GTS2012 "Lithostratigraphy, Palyno-Stratigraphy" 51.17 12.5 Platanaceae Platanus Platanus neptuni microscope 300 x 300 7 leaves 97 28 14.3 1.1 14.1 1.4 7.1 1.1 56.9 4.4 "Grein M., Oehm C., Konrad W., Utescher T., Kunzmann L. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2013) Atmospheric CO2 from the late Oligocene to early Miocene based on photosynthesis data and fossil leaf characteristics. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 374, 41-51" 0.33 "Grein M., Konrad W., Wilde V., Utescher T. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011) Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309, 383-391" 1.571 "Grein M., Konrad W., Wilde V., Utescher T. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011) Reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 during the early middle Eocene by application of a gas exchange model to fossil plants from the Messel Formation, Germany. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 309, 383-391" 130 -6.21 "Tipple et al., 2010 (10.1029/2009PA001851)" -27.24 0.43 0.76 0.02 40 24 56 "Roth-Nebelsick A., Oehm C., Grein M., Utescher T., Kunzmann L., Friedrich J.-P. & Konrad W. (2014) Stomatal density and index data of Platanus neptuni leaf fossils and their evaluation as a CO2 proxy for the Oligocene. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 206, 1-9" 1 "Grein M., Oehm C., Konrad W., Utescher T., Kunzmann L. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2013) Atmospheric CO2 from the late Oligocene to early Miocene based on photosynthesis data and fossil leaf characteristics. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 374, 41-51" Coexistence approach "Grein M., Konrad W., Utescher T., Wilde V. & Roth-Nebelsick A. (2011a) Reconstruction of the middle Eocene climate of Messel using palaeobotanical data. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, 260, 305-318" 19.9 17.9 22 Coexistence approach "Roth-Nebelsick A., Oehm C., Grein M., Utescher T., Kunzmann L., Friedrich J.-P. & Konrad W. (2014) Stomatal density and index data of Platanus neptuni leaf fossils and their evaluation as a CO2 proxy for the Oligocene. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 206, 1-9" 77 74 80 1 210000 440 257 624