Solar Irradiance Reconstruction ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Solar Irradiance Reconstruction LAST UPDATE: 7/2004 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Judith Lean, Naval Research Laboratory IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2004-035 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Lean, J.. 2004. Solar Irradiance Reconstruction. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2004-035. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Lean, J. 2000. Evolution of the Sun's Spectral Irradiance Since the Maunder Minimum. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 27, No. 16, pp. 2425-2428, Aug. 15, 2000. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE: Lean, J., J. Beer, and R. Bradley. 1995. Reconstruction of Solar Irradiance Since 1610: Implications for Climate Change. Geophysical Research Letters, v.22, No. 23, pp 3195-3198, December 1, 1995. ABSTRACT (Lean 2000): Because of the dependence of the Sun's irradiance on solar activity, reductions from contemporary levels are expected during the seventeenth century Maunder Minimum. New reconstructions of spectral irradiance are developed since 1600 with absolute scales traceable to spacebased observations. The long-term variations track the envelope of group sunspot numbers and have amplitudes consistent with the range of Ca II brightness in Sun-like stars. Estimated increases since 1675 are 0.7%, 0.2% and 0.07% in broad ultraviolet, visible/near infrared and infrared spectral bands, with a total irradiance increase of 0.2%. FUNDING SOURCE: NASA, USA. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Global PERIOD OF RECORD: 1610 - 2000 AD DESCRIPTION: Updated solar irradiance reconstruction. (See also Lean et al., 1995). Included are time series of annual mean irradiance from 1610 to 2000 of just the 11 year solar irradiance cycle, plus the 11 year cycle with a background component. See Lean (2000) for discussion of the amplitude of the background component. DATA: Calculation of TSI from calc_tsi_ann.pro Mon Apr 2 15:18:18 2001 YEAR 11yrCYCLE 11yrCYCLE+BKGRND 1610.5 1365.8477 1364.7338 1611.5 1365.8342 1364.7075 1612.5 1366.2461 1365.0675 1613.5 1366.3650 1365.1611 1614.5 1366.4451 1365.2197 1615.5 1366.1591 1364.9456 1616.5 1365.7358 1364.5469 1617.5 1365.6107 1364.4189 1618.5 1365.6038 1364.3983 1619.5 1365.7001 1364.4717 1620.5 1365.7001 1364.4574 1621.5 1365.7001 1364.4431 1622.5 1365.7001 1364.4290 1623.5 1365.7001 1364.4147 1624.5 1365.6621 1364.3660 1625.5 1365.8926 1364.5509 1626.5 1365.7816 1364.4390 1627.5 1365.7106 1364.3447 1628.5 1365.7577 1364.2544 1629.5 1365.7261 1364.1193 1630.5 1365.5946 1363.9214 1631.5 1365.6255 1363.8699 1632.5 1365.5946 1363.8304 1633.5 1365.6951 1363.9200 1634.5 1365.6157 1363.8397 1635.5 1365.6249 1363.8330 1636.5 1365.5946 1363.7925 1637.5 1365.5946 1363.7799 1638.5 1366.0768 1364.2039 1639.5 1366.1344 1364.2444 1640.5 1365.7001 1363.8243 1641.5 1365.5946 1363.6943 1642.5 1365.9277 1363.9756 1643.5 1365.7183 1363.7336 1644.5 1365.6761 1363.6429 1645.5 1365.5946 1363.5607 1646.5 1365.5946 1363.5587 1647.5 1365.5946 1363.5565 1648.5 1365.5946 1363.5491 1649.5 1365.5946 1363.5402 1650.5 1365.5946 1363.5364 1651.5 1365.5946 1363.5342 1652.5 1365.6227 1363.5597 1653.5 1365.6010 1363.5381 1654.5 1365.5995 1363.5115 1655.5 1365.5981 1363.4792 1656.5 1365.5989 1363.4730 1657.5 1365.5961 1363.4619 1658.5 1365.5946 1363.4460 1659.5 1365.5946 1363.4384 1660.5 1365.6086 1363.4501 1661.5 1365.6002 1363.4434 1662.5 1365.5946 1363.4386 1663.5 1365.5946 1363.4386 1664.5 1365.5946 1363.4391 1665.5 1365.5946 1363.4395 1666.5 1365.5946 1363.4395 1667.5 1365.5946 1363.4385 1668.5 1365.5946 1363.4377 1669.5 1365.5946 1363.4376 1670.5 1365.5946 1363.4374 1671.5 1365.6010 1363.4429 1672.5 1365.5974 1363.4396 1673.5 1365.5946 1363.4374 1674.5 1365.5961 1363.4387 1675.5 1365.5946 1363.4365 1676.5 1365.6073 1363.4467 1677.5 1365.5967 1363.4366 1678.5 1365.5961 1363.4360 1679.5 1365.5946 1363.4348 1680.5 1365.6002 1363.4401 1681.5 1365.5946 1363.4349 1682.5 1365.5946 1363.4349 1683.5 1365.5946 1363.4349 1684.5 1365.6045 1363.4440 1685.5 1365.5946 1363.4355 1686.5 1365.5989 1363.4395 1687.5 1365.5953 1363.4368 1688.5 1365.5981 1363.4414 1689.5 1365.5961 1363.4427 1690.5 1365.5946 1363.4451 1691.5 1365.5946 1363.4508 1692.5 1365.5946 1363.4561 1693.5 1365.5946 1363.4580 1694.5 1365.5946 1363.4589 1695.5 1365.5953 1363.4592 1696.5 1365.5946 1363.4583 1697.5 1365.5946 1363.4584 1698.5 1365.5946 1363.4590 1699.5 1365.5946 1363.4604 1700.5 1365.5974 1363.4646 1701.5 1365.5981 1363.4701 1702.5 1365.5989 1363.4794 1703.5 1365.6135 1363.5057 1704.5 1365.6234 1363.5348 1705.5 1365.6333 1363.5662 1706.5 1365.6171 1363.5676 1707.5 1365.6318 1363.5887 1708.5 1365.6143 1363.5829 1709.5 1365.6058 1363.5895 1710.5 1365.5974 1363.6195 1711.5 1365.5946 1363.6660 1712.5 1365.5946 1363.6880 1713.5 1365.5967 1363.7062 1714.5 1365.6010 1363.7542 1715.5 1365.6199 1363.8035 1716.5 1365.6586 1363.8470 1717.5 1365.7177 1363.9092 1718.5 1365.6578 1363.8533 1719.5 1365.8329 1364.0181 1720.5 1365.7590 1364.0065 1721.5 1365.7450 1364.0525 1722.5 1365.6719 1364.0018 1723.5 1365.6255 1363.9894 1724.5 1365.7042 1364.0889 1725.5 1365.6846 1364.1024 1726.5 1365.8490 1364.2875 1727.5 1365.8512 1364.3013 1728.5 1366.0459 1364.4821 1729.5 1365.7633 1364.2246 1730.5 1366.0845 1364.5144 1731.5 1365.5946 1364.0631 1732.5 1365.7211 1364.1947 1733.5 1365.5946 1364.1271 1734.5 1365.5946 1364.1650 1735.5 1365.7233 1364.2986 1736.5 1365.9362 1364.5007 1737.5 1365.7633 1364.3536 1738.5 1365.7141 1364.3174 1739.5 1365.9636 1364.5409 1740.5 1365.6599 1364.2571 1741.5 1366.0001 1364.5580 1742.5 1365.7078 1364.2888 1743.5 1365.6530 1364.2339 1744.5 1365.5946 1364.1841 1745.5 1365.5946 1364.1941 1746.5 1365.5946 1364.2157 1747.5 1365.5946 1364.2460 1748.5 1366.0233 1364.6582 1749.5 1366.0388 1364.6912 1750.5 1366.0023 1364.6550 1751.5 1365.8314 1364.4856 1752.5 1365.7985 1364.4713 1753.5 1365.7626 1364.5011 1754.5 1365.6565 1364.4661 1755.5 1365.6277 1364.4956 1756.5 1365.6459 1364.5505 1757.5 1365.7689 1364.6743 1758.5 1365.8806 1364.7921 1759.5 1365.9425 1364.8596 1760.5 1365.9144 1364.8436 1761.5 1366.0760 1365.0159 1762.5 1365.9193 1364.9268 1763.5 1365.8350 1364.8948 1764.5 1365.8090 1364.8768 1765.5 1365.6537 1364.7380 1766.5 1365.6206 1364.7140 1767.5 1365.8329 1364.9026 1768.5 1366.0957 1365.1284 1769.5 1366.2869 1365.2963 1770.5 1366.2806 1365.3224 1771.5 1366.1527 1365.2742 1772.5 1366.0599 1365.2576 1773.5 1365.8224 1365.0886 1774.5 1365.7760 1365.0730 1775.5 1365.6339 1364.9504 1776.5 1365.6937 1364.9908 1777.5 1365.8638 1365.1300 1778.5 1366.1007 1365.3407 1779.5 1366.1625 1365.3878 1780.5 1365.9812 1365.2184 1781.5 1366.0944 1365.3258 1782.5 1365.8258 1365.0697 1783.5 1365.7429 1364.9484 1784.5 1365.6283 1364.7700 1785.5 1365.7070 1364.7765 1786.5 1366.0396 1365.0347 1787.5 1366.2216 1365.1556 1788.5 1366.1744 1365.0844 1789.5 1366.1548 1365.0612 1790.5 1366.0521 1364.9716 1791.5 1365.8982 1364.8311 1792.5 1365.8898 1364.8021 1793.5 1365.8828 1364.7446 1794.5 1365.8069 1364.6022 1795.5 1365.7050 1364.4440 1796.5 1365.6909 1364.3721 1797.5 1365.6487 1364.2897 1798.5 1365.6277 1364.2538 1799.5 1365.6339 1364.2601 1800.5 1365.6719 1364.3076 1801.5 1365.9537 1364.5537 1802.5 1365.8428 1364.4031 1803.5 1365.7246 1364.2324 1804.5 1365.7465 1364.1881 1805.5 1365.7745 1364.1506 1806.5 1365.6881 1364.0232 1807.5 1365.6298 1363.9309 1808.5 1365.6193 1363.8656 1809.5 1365.6030 1363.8068 1810.5 1365.5946 1363.7976 1811.5 1365.5967 1363.8395 1812.5 1365.6227 1363.9207 1813.5 1365.6586 1364.0035 1814.5 1365.6677 1364.0667 1815.5 1365.7126 1364.1497 1816.5 1365.8110 1364.2391 1817.5 1365.7914 1364.1935 1818.5 1365.7471 1364.1351 1819.5 1365.7295 1364.1268 1820.5 1365.6698 1364.0815 1821.5 1365.6249 1364.1232 1822.5 1365.6157 1364.2358 1823.5 1365.6030 1364.2893 1824.5 1365.6305 1364.3669 1825.5 1365.6958 1364.4620 1826.5 1365.7957 1364.5746 1827.5 1365.9066 1364.6865 1828.5 1365.9952 1364.7704 1829.5 1366.0107 1364.7952 1830.5 1366.0465 1364.8501 1831.5 1365.8701 1364.7161 1832.5 1365.7542 1364.6519 1833.5 1365.6403 1364.6066 1834.5 1365.6635 1364.6750 1835.5 1365.9200 1364.9484 1836.5 1366.2988 1365.3376 1837.5 1366.3635 1365.4343 1838.5 1366.1387 1365.2535 1839.5 1366.0521 1365.1826 1840.5 1365.9341 1365.0696 1841.5 1365.7816 1364.9200 1842.5 1365.7267 1364.8647 1843.5 1365.6522 1364.8060 1844.5 1365.6775 1364.8508 1845.5 1365.8041 1364.9818 1846.5 1365.9025 1365.0797 1847.5 1366.0023 1365.1847 1848.5 1366.1976 1365.3846 1849.5 1366.1829 1365.3910 1850.5 1365.9812 1365.1982 1851.5 1366.0029 1365.1567 1852.5 1365.9446 1365.0192 1853.5 1365.8448 1364.8820 1854.5 1365.7162 1364.7728 1855.5 1365.6262 1364.7249 1856.5 1365.6163 1364.7605 1857.5 1365.7169 1364.8938 1858.5 1365.9066 1365.0951 1859.5 1366.1260 1365.3092 1860.5 1366.1963 1365.3649 1861.5 1366.0916 1365.2426 1862.5 1365.9496 1365.0697 1863.5 1365.8821 1364.9423 1864.5 1365.8370 1364.8333 1865.5 1365.7534 1364.7239 1866.5 1365.6909 1364.6573 1867.5 1365.6382 1364.6069 1868.5 1365.7977 1364.7668 1869.5 1366.0325 1365.0073 1870.5 1366.2708 1365.2471 1871.5 1366.2054 1365.2012 1872.5 1366.1576 1365.1577 1873.5 1365.9580 1364.9529 1874.5 1365.8406 1364.7947 1875.5 1365.7035 1364.6147 1876.5 1365.6586 1364.5499 1877.5 1365.6543 1364.5630 1878.5 1365.6135 1364.5669 1879.5 1365.6255 1364.6174 1880.5 1365.7689 1364.7728 1881.5 1365.9124 1364.9196 1882.5 1365.9313 1364.9546 1883.5 1365.9791 1364.9996 1884.5 1365.8812 1364.9010 1885.5 1365.7909 1364.7394 1886.5 1365.6487 1364.5116 1887.5 1365.6234 1364.4189 1888.5 1365.5962 1364.3615 1889.5 1365.5652 1364.3398 1890.5 1365.5912 1364.3982 1891.5 1365.8303 1364.6823 1892.5 1365.9163 1364.8152 1893.5 1366.0458 1364.9875 1894.5 1366.1332 1365.1044 1895.5 1366.0166 1364.9883 1896.5 1365.8434 1364.7870 1897.5 1365.7094 1364.6105 1898.5 1365.6982 1364.5564 1899.5 1365.6534 1364.4856 1900.5 1365.6216 1364.4579 1901.5 1365.5294 1364.4176 1902.5 1365.5165 1364.4843 1903.5 1365.7083 1364.7440 1904.5 1365.9651 1365.0502 1905.5 1365.7684 1364.8820 1906.5 1365.9651 1365.0778 1907.5 1365.8604 1364.9320 1908.5 1365.9426 1364.9508 1909.5 1365.8459 1364.8024 1910.5 1365.7173 1364.6566 1911.5 1365.6285 1364.5870 1912.5 1365.5706 1364.5724 1913.5 1365.5739 1364.6243 1914.5 1365.6302 1364.7195 1915.5 1365.9285 1365.0414 1916.5 1366.1349 1365.2614 1917.5 1366.2821 1365.4149 1918.5 1366.2454 1365.3726 1919.5 1366.0179 1365.1373 1920.5 1365.8523 1364.9840 1921.5 1365.7351 1364.9114 1922.5 1365.6019 1364.8347 1923.5 1365.6211 1364.9006 1924.5 1365.6436 1364.9569 1925.5 1365.8406 1365.1799 1926.5 1365.9348 1365.2997 1927.5 1366.1135 1365.4958 1928.5 1365.9885 1365.3811 1929.5 1365.9429 1365.3519 1930.5 1365.9159 1365.3588 1931.5 1365.7780 1365.2800 1932.5 1365.6583 1365.2067 1933.5 1365.5300 1365.1062 1934.5 1365.6361 1365.2339 1935.5 1365.8500 1365.4572 1936.5 1366.2373 1365.8521 1937.5 1366.1718 1365.7859 1938.5 1366.1079 1365.7197 1939.5 1366.0894 1365.7096 1940.5 1366.0143 1365.6804 1941.5 1365.9130 1365.6616 1942.5 1365.7847 1365.6266 1943.5 1365.6052 1365.5270 1944.5 1365.6224 1365.5911 1945.5 1365.8850 1365.8702 1946.5 1365.9818 1365.9720 1947.5 1366.2190 1366.2172 1948.5 1366.3475 1366.3531 1949.5 1366.2528 1366.2626 1950.5 1366.0098 1366.0220 1951.5 1365.7721 1365.7882 1952.5 1365.7653 1365.7739 1953.5 1365.6313 1365.6204 1954.5 1365.6599 1365.6467 1955.5 1365.7793 1365.7719 1956.5 1366.3097 1366.3141 1957.5 1366.6632 1366.6812 1958.5 1366.6246 1366.6552 1959.5 1366.3717 1366.4130 1960.5 1366.2682 1366.2997 1961.5 1365.9230 1365.9115 1962.5 1365.7656 1365.7020 1963.5 1365.7152 1365.6451 1964.5 1365.7114 1365.6605 1965.5 1365.7378 1365.7242 1966.5 1365.9058 1365.9506 1967.5 1366.0889 1366.1831 1968.5 1366.1295 1366.2590 1969.5 1366.2069 1366.3573 1970.5 1366.2036 1366.3480 1971.5 1365.9354 1366.0192 1972.5 1366.0519 1366.0541 1973.5 1365.8131 1365.7612 1974.5 1365.7448 1365.6792 1975.5 1365.5466 1365.5020 1976.5 1365.6458 1365.6442 1977.5 1365.8248 1365.8557 1978.5 1366.2616 1366.3101 1979.5 1366.6193 1366.6769 1980.5 1366.6323 1366.6913 1981.5 1366.6829 1366.7280 1982.5 1366.2808 1366.2999 1983.5 1366.1989 1366.2001 1984.5 1365.8088 1365.8145 1985.5 1365.6382 1365.6506 1986.5 1365.6345 1365.6470 1987.5 1365.7865 1365.7990 1988.5 1366.0792 1366.0918 1989.5 1366.6445 1366.6570 1990.5 1366.5499 1366.5624 1991.5 1366.4423 1366.4547 1992.5 1366.2987 1366.3112 1993.5 1366.0251 1366.0377 1994.5 1365.7937 1365.8063 1995.5 1365.6962 1365.7087 1996.5 1365.6086 1365.6211 1997.5 1365.7365 1365.7489 1998.5 1366.0986 1366.1111 1999.5 1366.3817 1366.3942 2000.5 1366.6620 1366.6744